درفش

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Persian

Etymology

Inherited from Middle Persian (dlpš /⁠drafš⁠/, “banner”), perhaps from a hypothetical Proto-Iranian *drafš- (“to "behave" like a banner, fly up, shine, tremble”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *drep- (“to cut, tear off (a piece)”). Cognate with Parthian 𐫅𐫡𐫜𐫢 (drfš /⁠drafš⁠/), Avestan 𐬛𐬭𐬀𐬟𐬱𐬀- (drafša-), Sogdian (ʾrδʾšp), Sanskrit द्रप्स (drapsá); outside Indo-Iranian, compare in particular Late Latin drappus (“piece of cloth”). Akin to the borrowings: Old Armenian դրաւշ (drawš), Old Georgian დროშაჲ (drošay), დრაუჟი (drauži), Ossetian тырыса (tyrysa), туруса (turusa), Classical Syriac ܕܪܦܫܐ (drap̄šā).

Pronunciation

 

Readings
Classical reading? dirafš, darafš
Dari reading? dirafš, darafš
Iranian reading? derafš, darafš
Tajik reading? dirafš, darafš

Noun

درفش • (derafš)

  1. standard, ensign, colours, banner

Descendants

  • → Urdu: دُرَفش (durafš)

References

  • Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971) “դրօշ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume I, Yerevan: University Press, page 697ab
  • Horn, Paul (1893) Grundriss der neupersischen Etymologie (in German), Strasbourg: K.J. Trübner, § 553, page 123
  • Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2003) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume II, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 348
  • Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “درفش”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul
  • Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*dram”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 75

Urdu

Etymology

From Classical Persian درفش (dirafš, “standard; banner”).

Pronunciation

Noun

دُرَفش • (durafš) ? (Hindi spelling दुरफ़श)

  1. standard; flag, banner
    Synonyms: پَرچَم (parcam), جَھنڈا (jhaṇḍā)
  2. light; glimmer, shine
    Synonyms: روشنی (rošnī), چَمَک (camak)

Adjective

دُرَفش • (durafš) (Hindi spelling दुरफ़श)

  1. shiny, glimmering
    Synonym: روشن (rošan)

Derived terms

References

  • “درفش”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
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