صام

From the root ص و م (ṣ-w-m). Compare Hebrew צָם (ṣām) and Ge'ez ጾመ (ṣomä, “to fast”). Nöldeke was convinced that the meaning “to fast” is a semantic loan from Aramaic צום / ܨܳܡ (ṣām, “to fast”), referring to the meaning “to stand still”, Jeffery says that the Arabic verb is “obviously denominative from صَوْم (ṣawm)” and notes that the term is only used in late Qurʾānic passages.

صَامَ • (ṣāma) I (non-past يَصُومُ (yaṣūmu), verbal noun صَوْم (ṣawm) or صِيَام (ṣiyām))

1. (obsolete) to stand still, to become calm
2. to fast (to abstain, usually from food and drink)

• Freytag, Georg (1833) “صام”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 534
• Jeffery, Arthur (1938) The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, pages 201–202
• Lane, Edward William (1863) “صام”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate
• Nöldeke, Theodor (1910) Neue Beiträge zur semitischen Sprachwissenschaft‎ (in German), Straßburg: Karl J. Trübner, page 36

From Arabic صَامَ (ṣāma).

• IPA^(key): /sˤɑːm/

صام • (ṣām) I (non-past يصوم (yiṣūm), active participle صايم (ṣāyim))

1. to fast

   المسلمين يصوموا في شهر رمضان.

   al-muslimīn yiṣūmu fi šahr ramaḍān.

   Muslims fast in the month of Ramadan.

   Antonym: فطر (fiṭir, “to break one's fast”)

From Arabic صَامَ (ṣāma).

• IPA^(key): /sˤaːm/,

• Audio (al-Lidd):

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صام • (ṣām) I (present بصوم (biṣūm), active participle صايم (ṣāyem))

1. to fast

   المسلمين بصومو في شهر رمضان.

   il-muslimīn biṣūmu fi šahr ramaḍān.

   Muslims fast in the month of Ramadan.