پیکار

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See also: پیكار and بیکار

Persian

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Middle Persian ptkʾl (“struggle, battle, dispute”).[1] Compare Manichaean Middle Persian (phykʾʾr, “strife, battle”), Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌𐬀𐬐𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀𐬊𐬝 (paitiakərənaot̰, “he fought against”).[2] The preverb is from Old Persian 𐎱𐎫𐎡𐏁 (p-t-i-š, “against, to, towards”), itself from Proto-Iranian *pati- (towards, to, against), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *per-, and the root is from Proto-Iranian *kar- (“to do, make”), ultimately a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- (“to do, make, construct”).[3][4] Old Armenian պայքար (paykʻar) and Georgian პაექრობა (ṗaekroba) are Iranian borrowings.[3] The preverb is also found in پرهیز (parhēz, “abstinence, diet”) and پیکر (paykar, “form, figure, body”).

Pronunciation

 

Readings
Classical reading? paykār
Dari reading? paykār
Iranian reading? peykâr
Tajik reading? paykor

Noun

پیکار • (peykâr)

  1. battle
  2. struggle

Derived terms

Descendants

References

  1. ^ MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 63
  2. ^ Bartholomae, Christian (1904) Altiranisches Wörterbuch [Old Iranian Dictionary]‎ (in German), Strassburg: K. J. Trübner, column 447
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1979) “պայքար”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume IV, Yerevan: University Press, pages 19–20
  4. ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 236

Further reading

  • Horn, Paul (1893) Grundriss der neupersischen Etymologie (in German), Strasbourg: K.J. Trübner, page 80
  • Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 220
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