जङ्घा

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Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Etymology

    Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *źʰángʰas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰángʰas, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰengʰ-o-s.[1] Compare Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬧𐬔𐬀 (zaṇga), Middle Persian (zang).

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    जङ्घा॑ (jáṅghā) stemf (root जंह्) [2]

    1. shank (part of the leg between the knee and ankle)
      • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.116.15:
        च॒रित्रं॒ हि वेरि॒वाच्छे॑दि प॒र्णमा॒जा खे॒लस्य॒ परि॑तक्म्यायाम् ।
        स॒द्यो जङ्घा॒म्आय॑सीं वि॒श्पला॑यै॒ धने॑ हि॒ते सर्त॑वे॒ प्रत्य॑धत्तम् ॥
        carítraṃ hí vérivā́cchedi parṇámājā́ khelásya páritakmyāyām.
        sadyó jáṅghāmā́yasīṃ viśpálāyai dháne hité sártave prátyadhattam.
        When in the time of night, in Khela's battle, a leg was severed like a wild bird's pinion,
        Straight ye gave Vispala a leg of iron that she might move what time the conflict opened.

    Declension

    Feminine ā-stem declension of जङ्घा
    singular dual plural
    nominative जङ्घा (jáṅghā) जङ्घे (jáṅghe) जङ्घाः (jáṅghāḥ)
    vocative जङ्घे (jáṅghe) जङ्घे (jáṅghe) जङ्घाः (jáṅghāḥ)
    accusative जङ्घाम् (jáṅghām) जङ्घे (jáṅghe) जङ्घाः (jáṅghāḥ)
    instrumental जङ्घया (jáṅghayā)
    जङ्घा¹ (jáṅghā¹)
    जङ्घाभ्याम् (jáṅghābhyām) जङ्घाभिः (jáṅghābhiḥ)
    dative जङ्घायै (jáṅghāyai) जङ्घाभ्याम् (jáṅghābhyām) जङ्घाभ्यः (jáṅghābhyaḥ)
    ablative जङ्घायाः (jáṅghāyāḥ)
    जङ्घायै² (jáṅghāyai²)
    जङ्घाभ्याम् (jáṅghābhyām) जङ्घाभ्यः (jáṅghābhyaḥ)
    genitive जङ्घायाः (jáṅghāyāḥ)
    जङ्घायै² (jáṅghāyai²)
    जङ्घयोः (jáṅghayoḥ) जङ्घानाम् (jáṅghānām)
    locative जङ्घायाम् (jáṅghāyām) जङ्घयोः (jáṅghayoḥ) जङ्घासु (jáṅghāsu)
    • ¹Vedic
    • ²Brāhmaṇas

    Descendants

    • Dardic:
    • Pali: jaṅghā
    • Prakrit: 𑀚𑀁𑀖𑀸 (jaṃghā) (see there for further descendants)

    References

    1. ^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
    2. ^ Monier Williams (1899) “जङ्घा”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 409.