Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-os
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
Suffix
*(é)-os n
- Creates action nouns or result nouns from verbs.
Inflection
| Athematic, acrostatic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | |||
| nominative | *(é)-os | ||
| genitive | *(é)-esos | ||
| singular | dual | plural | |
| nominative | *(é)-os | *(é)-esih₁ | *(é)-ōs |
| vocative | *(é)-os | *(é)-esih₁ | *(é)-ōs |
| accusative | *(é)-os | *(é)-esih₁ | *(é)-ōs |
| genitive | *(é)-esos | *? | *(é)-esoHom |
| ablative | *(é)-esos | *? | *(é)-esmos |
| dative | *(é)-esey | *? | *(é)-esmos |
| locative | *(é)-es, *(é)-esi | *? | *(é)-esu |
| instrumental | *(é)-esh₁ | *? | *(é)-esmis |
Derived terms
Descendants
- Proto-Celtic: *-os (s-stem nouns)
- Proto-Germanic: *-az (z-stem nouns)
- Proto-Hellenic: *-os (s-stem nouns)
- Ancient Greek: -ος (-os)
- Proto-Hellenic: *-ehen (< alternative locative form *-esen)
- Ancient Greek: -ειν (-ein)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *-a
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-as
- Proto-Italic: *-os
- Proto-Italic: *-ezi (< locative ending *-esi)
- Proto-Albanian: *-ʉh
- Illyrian: *-urio
Suffix
*(ó)-os m
- Creates nouns from verb stems denoting the performance or result of that verb.
Inflection
| Thematic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | |||
| nominative | *(ó)-os | ||
| genitive | *(ó)-osyo | ||
| singular | dual | plural | |
| nominative | *(ó)-os | *(ó)-oh₁ | *(ó)-oes |
| vocative | *(ó)-e | *(ó)-oh₁ | *(ó)-oes |
| accusative | *(ó)-om | *(ó)-oh₁ | *(ó)-oms |
| genitive | *(ó)-osyo | *? | *(ó)-oHom |
| ablative | *(ó)-ead | *? | *(ó)-omos |
| dative | *(ó)-oey | *? | *(ó)-omos |
| locative | *(ó)-ey, *(ó)-oy | *? | *(ó)-oysu |
| instrumental | *(ó)-oh₁ | *? | *(ó)-ōys |
Derived terms
Related terms
Descendants
- Anatolian:
- Hittite: a-stem nouns
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: o-stem nouns
- Proto-Celtic: o-stem nouns
- Proto-Germanic: a-stem nouns
- Proto-Hellenic: o-stem nouns
- Ancient Greek: τόμος-type nouns
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: a-stem nouns
- Proto-Italic: o-stem nouns