शकृत्

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćák-r̥ ~ *ćak-ná-s (“dung, excrement”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱókʷ-r̥ ~ *ḱekʷ-én-s (“dung, excrement”). Cognate with Ancient Greek κόπρος (kópros, “excrement”), Baluchi سغن (saġan, “dung”). Also compare English copro-, a borrowing from Ancient Greek. There was a wide variety of alternative forms of the term in Old and Middle Indo-Aryan (see below), possibly due to taboo distortion.

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɕɐ́.kr̩t/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈɕɐ.kr̩t̪/

शकृत् • (śákṛt) stem, n

1. dung, excrement, faeces, manure, (especially) cowdung
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.161.10:

     श्रोणामेक उदकं गामवाजति मांसमेकः पिंशति सूनयाभृतम् ।
     आ निम्रुचः शकृद्एको अपाभरत्...

     śroṇāmeka udakaṃ gāmavājati māṃsamekaḥ piṃśati sūnayābhṛtam.
     ā nimrucaḥ śakṛdeko apābharat...

     One of them leads the crippled cow to the water, another trims the flesh brought on the carving-board
     Another one carried off the dung till evening...

   • c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Śukla-Yajurveda (Vājasenayi Saṃhitā) 37.9:

     अश्वस्य त्वा वृष्णः शक्ना धूपयामि देवयजने पृथिव्याः ।

     aśvasya tvā vṛṣṇaḥ śaknā dhūpayāmi devayajane pṛthivyāḥ.

     I fumigate thee with stallion's dung on the place of worship.

• शक (śáka) ~ *छक (chaka)
  • Prakrit: 𑀙𑀕 (chaga)
• *शकन ~ *छकन (śakana ~ chakana)
  • Pali: chakana, chakaṇa
  • Prakrit: 𑀙𑀓𑀡 (chakaṇa), 𑀙𑀕𑀡 (chagaṇa), 𑀙𑀸𑀡 (chāṇa), 𑀙𑀸𑀡𑀻 (chāṇī)
    • Northwestern:
      • Sindhi: cheṇu, cheṇo

        Arabic script: ڇيڻُ, ڇيڻو

        Devanagari script: छेणु, छेणो

        Khudawadi script: 𑋁𑋥𑋌𑋣, 𑋁𑋥𑋌𑋧

    • Southern:
      • Konkani: śeṇ

        Devanagari script: शेण

        Kannada script: ಶೇಣ್

        Latin script: xenn

      • Old Marathi:

        Devanagari script: शेणी (śeṇī), सेण (seṇa), सेणि (seṇi), सेणी (seṇī), सेन (sena), सेनी (senī)

        Modi script: 𑘫𑘹𑘜𑘲 (śeṇī), 𑘭𑘹𑘜 (seṇa), 𑘭𑘹𑘜𑘲 (seṇī), 𑘭𑘹𑘡 (sena), 𑘭𑘹𑘡𑘲 (senī)

        • Marathi: śeṇ

          Devanagari script: शेण

          Modi script: 𑘫𑘹𑘜

        • Varhadi: śen

          Devanagari script: शेन

          Modi script: 𑘫𑘹𑘡

    • Western:
      • Ahirani: शेन (śen)
      • Middle Gujarati: छाण(-आवलि) (< 𑀙𑀸𑀡 (chāṇa), 𑀙𑀸𑀡𑀻 (chāṇī))
        • Gujarati: છાણ (chāṇ)
      • Marwari:

        Devanagari script: छगण (chagaṇ)

        Mahajani script: 𑅚𑅗𑅢 (chgṇ)

• *शकर ~ *छकर (śakara ~ chakara)
  • Gujarati: છેર (cher, “diarrhoea”)
  • Kumaoni: छेरो (chero, “watery stool”)
  • Marathi: शेर (śer, “bird dung”)
  • Nepali: छेर (chera, “diarrhoea”)
  • Odia: ଛେରା (cherā, “watery stools”)
  • Punjabi: ਸਾਰ (sār, “manure”)
  • ⇒ Gujarati: છેરવું (chervũ, “to have diarrhoea”)
  • ⇒ Hindi: छेरना (chernā, “to have bad digestion”)
  • ⇒ Lahnda: سروڑ (sarūṛ, “stack of dried cowdung”) (< *śakara-kūṭa)
  • ⇒ Nepali: छेर्नु (chernu, “to have diarrhoea”)