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კალმახი. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
კალმახი, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
კალმახი in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
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Georgian
Etymology
From Old Armenian կարմրախայտ (karmraxayt, “trout”, literally “red-spotted”).[2][3][4][5]
The Proto-Kartvelian *ḳalmax- (“fish”) reconstructed by some[6][7][8] within the controversial Nostratic theory is based on the Svan alone, does not take into consideration the Armenian material, and is unreliable.[5][9]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key):
- Hyphenation: კალ‧მა‧ხი
Noun
კალმახი • (ḳalmaxi) (plural კალმახები)
- trout
Inflection
Postpositional inflection of კალმახი (see Georgian postpositions)
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postpositions taking the dative case
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singular
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plural
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-ზე (-ze, “on”)
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კალმახზე (ḳalmaxze)
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კალმახებზე (ḳalmaxebze)
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-თან (-tan, “near”)
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კალმახთან (ḳalmaxtan)
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კალმახებთან (ḳalmaxebtan)
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-ში (-ši, “in”)
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კალმახში (ḳalmaxši)
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კალმახებში (ḳalmaxebši)
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-ვით (-vit, “like”)
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კალმახივით (ḳalmaxivit)
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კალმახებივით (ḳalmaxebivit)
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postpositions taking the genitive case
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singular
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plural
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-თვის (-tvis, “for”)
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კალმახისთვის (ḳalmaxistvis)
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კალმახებისთვის (ḳalmaxebistvis)
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-ებრ (-ebr, “like”)
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კალმახისებრ (ḳalmaxisebr)
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კალმახებისებრ (ḳalmaxebisebr)
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-კენ (-ḳen, “towards”)
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კალმახისკენ (ḳalmaxisḳen)
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კალმახებისკენ (ḳalmaxebisḳen)
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-გან (-gan, “from/of”)
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კალმახისგან (ḳalmaxisgan)
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კალმახებისგან (ḳalmaxebisgan)
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-ადმი (-admi, “in relation to”)
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კალმახისადმი (ḳalmaxisadmi)
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კალმახებისადმი (ḳalmaxebisadmi)
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postpositions taking the instrumental case
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singular
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plural
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-დან (-dan, “from/since”)
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კალმახიდან (ḳalmaxidan)
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კალმახებიდან (ḳalmaxebidan)
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-ურთ (-urt, “together with”)
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კალმახითურთ (ḳalmaxiturt)
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კალმახებითურთ (ḳalmaxebiturt)
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postpositions taking the adverbial case
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singular
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plural
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-მდე (-mde, “up to”)
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კალმახამდე (ḳalmaxamde)
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კალმახებამდე (ḳalmaxebamde)
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Descendants
References
- ^ Orbeliani, Sulxan-Saba (1685–1716) “კალმახი”, in S. Iordanišvili, editor, Siṭq̇vis ḳona kartuli, romel ars leksiḳoni [Collection of Georgian words, that is a dictionary], Tbilisi: Georgian SSR print, published 1949, page 159
- ^ Marr, N. (1910) “კალმახა”, in Грамматика чанского (лазского) языка с хрестоматией и словарем [Grammar of the Chan (Laz) Language with a Reader and a Dictionary] (Материалы по яфетическому языкознанию; 2) (in Russian), Saint Petersburg: Academy Press, page 151a
- ^ Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1973) “կարմիր”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume II, Yerevan: University Press, page 559a
- ^ Ġapʻancʻyan, Grigor (1961) Hayocʻ lezvi patmutʻyun. Hin šrǰan [History of the Armenian Language. Ancient Period] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Academy Press, page 89
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Klimov, G. A. (1963) “Об этимологической методике Карла Боуды (На материале кавказских языков) [On the etymological method of Karl Bouda (Based on the material of Caucasian languages)]”, in Этимология, Moscow: Nauka, page 272 of 268–274
- ^ Vladislav Illich-Svitych (1967) “Материалы к сравнительному словарю ностратических языков (индоевропейский, алтайский, уральский, дравидский, картвельский, семитохамитский) [Materials for a Comparative Dictionary of the Nostratic Languages (Indo-European, Altaic, Uralic, Dravidian, Kartvelian, Semito-Hamitic)]”, in Этимология 1965: Материалы и исследования по индоевропейским и другим языкам, Moscow, page 362: “рыба¹ *ḳolʌ”
- ^ Starostin, S. A. (2005) “*ḳalmax-”, in Kartvelian etymological database compiled on the basis of G. Klimov's and Fähnrich-Sarjveladze's etymological dictionaries of Kartvelian languages, based on Иллич-Свитыч
- ^ Starostin, S. A. (2007) “Subgrouping of Nostratic: comments on Aharon Dolgopolsky's «The Nostratic Macrofamily and Linguistic Paleontology»”, in Starostin, G. S., editor, Trudy po jazykoznaniju [Proceedings in Linguistics] (in Russian), Moscow: Jazyki slavjanskix kulʹtur, →ISBN, page 762
- ^ Starostin, S. A. (2007) “Problema genetičeskovo rodstva i klassifikacii kavkazskix jazykov s točki zrenija bazisnoj leksiki”, in Starostin, G. S., editor, Trudy po jazykoznaniju [Proceedings in Linguistics] (in Russian), Moscow: Jazyki slavjanskix kulʹtur, →ISBN, page 539, remarking that the etymology of the Svan word is uncertain and that no Proto-Kartvelian form is reconstructible
Laz
Noun
კალმახი • (ǩalmaxi)
- Alternative form of კარმახა (ǩarmaxa)
Mingrelian
Etymology
From Georgian კალმახი (ḳalmaxi), კალმახა (ḳalmaxa), ultimately from Old Armenian կարմրախայտ (karmraxayt).
Noun
კალმახი • (ḳalmaxi) (plural კალმახეფი)
- trout
Derived terms
- ოკალმახე (oḳalmaxe, a toponym, literally “trout-place”)
Adjective
კალმახი • (ḳalmaxi)
- (figuratively, of a person) very beautiful
Descendants
References
- Kajaia, Otar (2005) “კალმახი”, in Megrul-kartuli leksiḳoni [Mingrelian–Georgian Dictionary], online version prepared by Joost Gippert, Frankfurt am Main, published 2001–2004, page 661
- Kipšidze, Iosif (1914) “კალმახი”, in Грамматика мингрельского (иверского) языка с хрестоматией и словарем [Grammar of the Mingrelian (Iverian) Language with a Reader and a Dictionary] (Материалы по яфетическому языкознанию; 7) (in Russian), Saint Petersburg: Academy Press, page 251b
- Ġapʻancʻyan, Grigor (1961) Hayocʻ lezvi patmutʻyun. Hin šrǰan [History of the Armenian Language. Ancient Period] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Academy Press, page 89