ჟოლო

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Georgian

ჟოლოები

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Middle Georgian ჟოლო (žolo), from an unknown source. Not attested in Old Georgian sources. This word does not seem to have any cognates in other Kartvelian languages. Likely related to Middle Armenian ժոխ (žox), ժողվենի (žoġveni).

Further compare Mingrelian ბჟოლი (bžoli, mulberry tree), Laz ბჟოლი (bjoli), მჟოლი (mjoli, mulberry), Svan ბჟოლა (bžola) and dialectal Georgian ბჟოლი (bžoli), ბჟოლა (bžola), ჟოლი (žoli, mulberry). For these words see Čikobava 1938, Fähnrich, and Čuxua, without the connection to the above-mentioned terms. Note also Old Georgian ჟოლა (žola, sycamore fig).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key):
  • Hyphenation: ჟო‧ლო

Noun

ჟოლო (žolo) (plural ჟოლოები)

  1. raspberry

Inflection

Declension of ჟოლო (see Georgian declension)
singular plural archaic plural
nominative ჟოლო (žolo) ჟოლოები (žoloebi) ჟოლონი (žoloni)
ergative ჟოლომ (žolom) ჟოლოებმა (žoloebma) ჟოლოთ(ა) (žolot(a))
dative ჟოლოს(ა) (žolos(a)) ჟოლოებს(ა) (žoloebs(a)) ჟოლოთ(ა) (žolot(a))
genitive ჟოლოს(ა) (žolos(a)) ჟოლოების(ა) (žoloebis(a)) ჟოლოთ(ა) (žolot(a))
instrumental ჟოლოთ(ა) (žolot(a)) ჟოლოებით(ა) (žoloebit(a))
adverbial ჟოლოდ(ა) (žolod(a)) ჟოლოებად(ა) (žoloebad(a))
vocative ჟოლოვ (žolov) ჟოლოებო (žoloebo) ჟოლონო (žolono)
Notes: archaic plurals might not exist.
Postpositional inflection of ჟოლო (see Georgian postpositions)
postpositions taking a dative case singular plural
-ზე (-ze, on) ჟოლოზე (žoloze) ჟოლოებზე (žoloebze)
-თან (-tan, near) ჟოლოსთან (žolostan) ჟოლოებთან (žoloebtan)
-ში (-ši, in) ჟოლოში (žološi) ჟოლოებში (žoloebši)
-ვით (-vit, like) ჟოლოსავით (žolosavit) ჟოლოებივით (žoloebivit)
postpositions taking a genitive case singular plural
-თვის (-tvis, for) ჟოლოსთვის (žolostvis) ჟოლოებისთვის (žoloebistvis)
-ებრ (-ebr, like) ჟოლოსებრ (žolosebr) ჟოლოებისებრ (žoloebisebr)
-კენ (-ḳen, towards) ჟოლოსკენ (žolosḳen) ჟოლოებისკენ (žoloebisḳen)
-გან (-gan, from/of) ჟოლოსგან (žolosgan) ჟოლოებისგან (žoloebisgan)
postpositions taking an instrumental case singular plural
-დან (-dan, from/since) ჟოლოდან (žolodan) ჟოლოებიდან (žoloebidan)
-ურთ (-urt, together with) ჟოლოთურთ (žoloturt) ჟოლოებითურთ (žoloebiturt)
postpositions taking an adverbial case singular plural
-მდე (-mde, up to) ჟოლომდე (žolomde) ჟოლოებამდე (žoloebamde)

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Avar: жоло (žolo, sea buckthorn) (dialectal)

References

  • Čikobava, Arnold et al., editors (1950–1964), “ჟოლო”, in Kartuli enis ganmarṭebiti leksiḳoni [Explanatory Dictionary of the Georgian language] (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Academy Press
  • Čikobava, Arnold (1938) Č̣anur-megrul-kartuli šedarebiti leksiḳoni [Laz–Megrel–Georgian Comparative Dictionary] (Works; IV) (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Arnold Chikobava Institute of Linguistics, published 2008, page 138
  • Čuxua, Merab (2000–2003) Kartvelur ena-ḳilota šedarebiti leksiḳoni [The Kartvelian Comparative Dictionary] (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Universali, page 67
  • Fähnrich, Heinz (2007) Kartwelisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch [Kartvelian Etymological Dictionary] (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.18) (in German), Leiden, Boston: Brill, pages 66–67
  • Maq̇ašvili, Aleksandre (1961) “ჟოლო”, in Boṭaniḳuri leksiḳoni [Botanical Dictionary]‎, 2nd edition, Tbilisi: Sabč̣ota Sakartvelo
  • Orbeliani, Sulxan-Saba (1685–1716) “ჟოლო”, in S. Iordanišvili, editor, Siṭq̇vis ḳona kartuli, romel ars leksiḳoni [Collection of Georgian words, that is a dictionary]‎, Tbilisi: Georgian SSR print, published 1949, page 278