まみれる

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Japanese

Alternative spelling
塗れる

Etymology

From older form まみる (mamiru).[1][2][3] First cited to a text from the mid 900s CE.[1]

Development
Natural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru.

Pronunciation

Verb

まみれる • (mamireru) intransitive ichidan (stem まみれ (mamire), past まみれた (mamireta))

  1. to be smeared (with blood, sweat, etc.), to be covered in something dirty, to be daubed with something dirty
    血(ち)に塗(まみ)れる
    chi ni mamireru
    to be smeared with blood
  2. to be completely defeated and broken in spirit

Conjugation

Conjugation of "まみれる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") まみれ mamire
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") まみれ mamire
Shūshikei ("terminal") まみれる mamireru
Rentaikei ("attributive") まみれる mamireru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") まみれれ mamirere
Meireikei ("imperative") まみれよ¹
まみれろ² 		mamireyo¹
mamirero²
Key constructions
Passive まみれられる mamirerareru
Causative まみれさせる
まみれさす 		mamiresaseru
mamiresasu
Potential まみれられる
まみれれる³ 		mamirerareru
mamirereru³
Volitional まみれよう mamireyō
Negative まみれない
まみれぬ
まみれん 		mamirenai
mamirenu
mamiren
Negative continuative まみれず mamirezu
Formal まみれます mamiremasu
Perfective まみれた mamireta
Conjunctive まみれて mamirete
Hypothetical conditional まみれれば mamirereba
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
³ Colloquial potential

Idioms

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
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