引公

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Chinese

to lead; to divert (water); to guide
just; honourable; public
just; honourable; public; common; fair; duke; mister
 
trad. (引公) 引 公
simp. #(引公) 引 公

Pronunciation

Noun

引公

  1. (Quanzhou and Jinjiang Hokkien) grandfather

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 祖父 (“paternal grandfather”)
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 祖父
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 祖父
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 爺爺
Taiwan 爺爺, 阿公
Ulanhot 爺爺
Tongliao 爺爺
Chifeng 爺爺
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 爺爺
Harbin 爺, 爺爺
Shenyang 爺, 爺爺
Singapore 爺爺
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 爺爺
Jinan 爺爺
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 爺, 爺爺
Qingdao 爺爺
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 爺
Wanrong 爺
Zhengzhou 爺爺, 爺 non-face-to-face
Xi'an 爺, 把把 Hui
Xining 爺爺, 爺, 爺兒
Xuzhou 爺爺
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 爺爺
Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) 把把
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 爺爺
Bayanhot 爺爺
Lanzhou 爺爺
Ürümqi 爺爺, 阿爺 Hui, face-to-face
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 爺爺, 爺
Wuhan 爹爹, 爺爺
Guiyang 太爺, 老太爺, 爺爺
Kunming 老爹
Guilin 爺爺
Liuzhou 阿公, 公, 爺爺
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 爺爺, 把把 Hui
Yangzhou 爹爹
Nantong 爹爹
Hefei 爹爹
Huanggang 爹爹
Cantonese Guangzhou 阿爺, 爺爺 face-to-face
Hong Kong 阿爺, 爺爺
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 阿公, 阿爺
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 爺公 face-to-face, 阿公 non-face-to-face, 阿爺 non-face-to-face
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 阿公
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 阿公
Macau 阿爺
Guangzhou (Xinjiao, Haizhu) 阿爺
Guangzhou (Longxi, Liwan) 阿爺
Guangzhou (Huangpu) 公爺
Guangzhou (Xinshi, Baiyun) 阿爺
Guangzhou (Shijing, Baiyun) 阿爺
Guangzhou (Jiangcun, Baiyun) 阿爺
Guangzhou (Longgui, Baiyun) 阿公
Guangzhou (Renhe, Baiyun) 阿爺
Guangzhou (Zhuliao, Baiyun) 阿公
Guangzhou (Zhongluotan, Baiyun) 阿公
Guangzhou (Jiufo, Huangpu) 阿公
Guangzhou (Panyu) 阿爺
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 阿爺
Guangzhou (Conghua) 阿公
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 阿公, 阿爺
Foshan 阿爺
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 阿爺
Foshan (Shunde) 阿爺
Foshan (Sanshui) 阿爺
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 阿公
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 阿公
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 阿公
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 阿公
Zhuhai (Doumen) 阿公
Jiangmen (Baisha) 阿公
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 阿公
Taishan 阿爺
Kaiping (Chikan) 阿爺
Enping (Niujiang) 阿爺
Heshan (Yayao) 阿爺
Dongguan 阿公, 阿爺
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 阿公, 阿爺
Qingyuan 阿公
Fogang 阿公
Yingde (Hanguang) 阿公
Yangshan 阿公
Lianshan (Butian) 吾蒙
Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) 阿公
Shaoguan 阿公, 阿爺
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 阿公, 阿爺
Renhua 阿公, 阿爺
Lechang 阿爺
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 爺爺
Sihui 阿公, 阿爺
Guangning 阿公
Deqing 阿翁, 阿爺
Huaiji 阿公
Fengkai (Nanfeng) 翁
Yunfu 阿爺
Xinxing 阿爺
Luoding 阿爺
Yunan (Pingtai) 阿公
Yangjiang 阿公, 阿爺
Xinyi 阿公
Maoming (Xinpo) 阿公
Lianjiang 阿公, 公爹
Wuchuan (Wuyang) 爹, 阿爹
Nanning 阿公, 爺爺
Wuzhou 爺爺, 阿爺
Yulin 阿公, 阿爺
Hepu (Lianzhou) 阿公
Danzhou 爸
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 阿爺
Singapore (Guangfu) 阿爺, 爺爺
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 阿爺
Gan Nanchang 公公, 爺爺
Lichuan 公, 公兒
Pingxiang 公公
Hakka Meixian 阿公
Xingning 阿公
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 阿公
Huiyang 阿公
Huidong (Daling) 阿公
Dongguan (Qingxi) 阿公
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 阿公
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 阿公
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 阿公
Wuhua (Huacheng) 阿公
Wuhua (Changbu) 阿公
Wuhua (Mianyang) 阿公
Wuhua (Meilin) 阿公
Heyuan (Bendihua) 阿公
Wengyuan 阿公
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 公爹
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 阿公
Liannan 公
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 阿公
Jiexi 阿公
Luhe 阿公
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 阿公
Changting 公爹
Wuping 公爹
Wuping (Yanqian) 公爹
Wuping (Pingyu) 阿公
Liancheng 爹
Ninghua 公公
Yudu 公爹 non-face-to-face, 公公 face-to-face
Ningdu 公公
Ruijin 公公, 公
Shicheng 公, 公公
Shangyou (Shexi) 爹爹, 阿爹
Tonggu (Sandu) 公爹
Ganzhou (Panlong) 爹爹
Dayu 爹爹
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 阿公
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 阿公
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 阿公
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 阿爹, 阿公
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 阿公
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 阿公
Hong Kong 阿公
Yangxi (Tangkou) 阿公
Yangchun (Sanjia) 阿公
Xinyi (Sihe) 阿公
Xinyi (Qianpai) 阿公
Gaozhou (Xindong) 阿公
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 阿公
Huazhou (Xin'an) 阿公
Lianjiang (Shijiao) 阿公
Lianjiang (Qingping) 阿公
Mengshan (Xihe) 公
Luchuan 阿公
Luchuan (Daqiao) 阿公
Sabah (Longchuan) 阿公
Senai (Huiyang) 阿公
Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) 阿公
Singkawang 阿公
Huizhou Jixi 朝, 阿朝 face-to-face
Shexian 朝, 朝朝, 朝奉, 老奉
Huangshan (Tunxi) 朝朝, 老朝兒
Xiuning 阿朝, 阿爹
Yixian 老官
Qimen 老兒
Wuyuan 朝朝
Fuliang 公公, 大大
Dexing 老爹
Jingde 公公
Shitai (Xianyu) 大大
Jin Taiyuan 爺爺
Pingyao 爺爺
Xinzhou 爺爺 non-face-to-face, 爺爺啊 face-to-face, 呀爺 face-to-face
Taibus (Baochang) 爺爺
Linhe 爺爺
Jining 爺爺
Hohhot 爺爺
Baotou 爺爺
Dongsheng 爺爺
Haibowan 爺爺
Northern Min Jian'ou 公公, 爹爹, 老爹 face-to-face, 爺爺 new-style
Jian'ou (Dikou) 阿公
Songxi 家公
Zhenghe 公仔
Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 公
Jianyang 爹爹
Wuyishan 爹爹
Pucheng (Shibei) 公爹
Eastern Min Fuzhou 依公, 公
Fuzhou (Changle) 依公
Fuqing 阿公
Yongtai 依公
Gutian 公
Fu'an 公
Ningde 翁
Zhouning 阿翁
Fuding 阿公
Matsu 依公
Singapore (Fuqing) 阿公
Southern Min Xiamen 阿公, 俺公, 內公 non-face-to-face
Xiamen (Tong'an) 阿公
Quanzhou 阿公, 引公, 內公 non-face-to-face
Jinjiang 俺公, 引公
Yongchun 阿公, 公
Zhangzhou 阿公, 咉公, 內公 non-face-to-face
Zhao'an 公
Taipei 阿公, 俺公, 內公 non-face-to-face; GT
New Taipei (Sanxia) 阿公
Kaohsiung 阿公
Yilan 阿公
Changhua (Lukang) 阿公, 俺公
Taichung 阿公
Taichung (Wuqi) 阿公
Tainan 阿公
Taitung 阿公
Hsinchu 阿公
Kinmen 俺公
Penghu (Magong) 阿公
Penang (Hokkien) 阿公, 公, 內公
Singapore (Hokkien) 俺公, 阿公, 內公
Manila (Hokkien) 俺公, 內公 non-face-to-face
Pingnan (Shangdu) 阿公
Chaozhou 阿公
Shantou 阿公
Shantou (Chenghai) 阿公
Jieyang 阿公
Haifeng 阿公, 公
Bangkok (Teochew) 阿公
Ho Chi Minh City (Teochew) 內公
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 阿公
Singapore (Teochew) 阿公
Batam (Teochew) 阿公
Leizhou 尼公, 祖公, 公 face-to-face
Wenchang 公
Haikou 爸 non-face-to-face, 公 non-face-to-face, 阿爸 face-to-face, 阿公 face-to-face
Singapore (Hainanese) 阿公
Puxian Min Putian 阿公
Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) 阿公
Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) 阿公
Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) 阿公
Xianyou 阿公
Xianyou (Fengting) 阿公
Xianyou (Youyang) 阿公
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 爹, 太公, 阿爹, 阿公
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 爹爹
Shehua Fu'an 翁
Fuding 阿公
Luoyuan 阿公
Sanming 阿公
Shunchang 阿翁
Hua'an 公
Cangnan 公
Wu Shanghai 老爹, 爺爺
Shanghai (Chongming) 裡公
Suzhou 阿爹
Wuxi 爺爺
Danyang 爺爺
Hangzhou 爹爹, 爺爺, 阿爹
Ningbo 阿爺
Wenzhou 阿爺, 祖公 non-face-to-face, 祖公爺 non-face-to-face
Jinhua 爺爺
Xiang Changsha 爹爹, 爺爺, 公公
Xiangtan 公公, 公毑
Loudi 阿公, 公公, 佳佳
Shuangfeng 公公
Hengyang 爺爺
Quanzhou 爹爹
Note GT - General Taiwanese (no particular region identified)

Descendants

  • → Tagalog: ingkong
  • → Indonesian: engkong

Further reading

  • 晋江市方言志‎, (Can we date this quote?), page 38 (PDF) / 106 (Book)
  • Douglas, Carstairs (1873) “ín (Cn.)”, in Chinese-English Dictionary of the Vernacular or Spoken Language of Amoy, [With 1923 Supplement after the Appendix by Thomas Barclay, Shanghai: Commercial Press, Ltd.] edition (overall work in Hokkien and English), London: Trübner & Co., page 172; New Edition (With Chinese Character Glosses) edition, London: Presbyterian Church of England, 1899, page 172
  • Dictionario Hispánico-Sinicum‎ (overall work in Early Modern Spanish, Hokkien, and Classical Mandarin), kept as Vocabulario Español-Chino con caracteres chinos (TOMO 215) in the University of Santo Tomás Archives, Manila: Dominican Order of Preachers, 1626-1642, page 23/10 & 36/18 & 488/463 & 378/356; republished as Lee, Fabio Yuchung (李毓中), Chen, Tsung-jen (陳宗仁), José, Regalado Trota, Caño, José Luis Ortigosa, editors, Hokkien Spanish Historical Document Series I: Dictionario Hispanico Sinicum‎, Hsinchu: National Tsing Hua University Press, 2018, →ISBN
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