愷

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See also: 恺
愷 U+6137, 愷
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6137
← 愶
 		CJK Unified Ideographs 愸 →

Translingual

Han character

愷 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 心山一廿 (PUMT), four-corner 92018, composition ⿰忄豈)

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 396, character 38
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11015
  • Dae Jaweon: page 735, character 28
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2337, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+6137

Chinese

trad. 愷
simp. 恺
alternative forms 豈／岂
凱／凯

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 愷
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (豈) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
獃 *tŋɯː, *ŋɯː
剴 *kŋɯːl, *ŋɯːl
凱 *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ
愷 *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ
塏 *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ
鎧 *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ, *ŋ̊ʰɯːls
颽 *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ
暟 *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ
闓 *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ, *ŋ̊ʰɯːls
豈 *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ, *ŋ̊ʰɯlʔ
隑 *ɡɯːls, *ŋɯːl
皚 *ŋɯːl
嵦 *ŋɡɯːl
敳 *ŋɯːl
磑 *ŋɯːl, *ŋuːl, *ŋuːls
螘 *ŋralʔ, *ŋɯlʔ
覬 *krɯls
溰 *ŋɯl
顗 *ŋɯlʔ

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 豈 (OC *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ, *ŋ̊ʰɯlʔ, “drum”). Likely related to 凱／豈 (“music of triumph”).

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 愷
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 溪 (29)
Final (韻) 咍 (41)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 苦亥切
Baxter khojX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kʰʌiX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kʰəiX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kʰɒiX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kʰəjX/
Li
Rong 		/kʰᴀiX/
Wang
Li 		/kʰɒiX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/kʰɑ̆iX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		kǎi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		hoi2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 愷
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		kǎi
Middle
Chinese 		‹ khojX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*C.qʰˁəjʔ/
English triumphal music; happy

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 愷
Reading # 1/1
No. 10103
Phonetic
component 		豈
Rime
group 		微
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		愷
Old
Chinese 		/*ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ/

Definitions

愷

  1. (literary) peaceful; harmonious; joyful
  2. (literary) Alternative form of 凱／凯 (kǎi, “triumphant music”)

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

愷

(Hyōgai kanji)

  1. enjoy
  2. be contented
  3. joyful

Readings

  • On (unclassified): がい (gai)、かい (kai)
  • Kun: たのしむ (tanoshimu, 愷しむ)、やわらぐ (yawaragu, 愷らぐ)
  • Nanori: やす (yasu)

Korean

Hanja

愷 (eum 개 (gae))

  1. peaceful
  2. enjoy
  3. ease up

Vietnamese

Han character

愷: Hán Nôm readings: khải

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Wikious
Boobota
Sagapedia