波羅提木叉
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Chinese
| phonetic | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (波羅提木叉) | 波 | 羅 | 提 | 木 | 叉 | |
| simp. (波罗提木叉) | 波 | 罗 | 提 | 木 | 叉 | |
Etymology
Like many other terms in the early Chinese Buddhist lexicon (e.g. the Vinaya of the Dharmaguptaka), likely borrowed from a Prakrit such as Gandhari 𐨤𐨿𐨪𐨡𐨁𐨨𐨂𐨑𐨅 m sg (pradimukhe, “under the law”, locative) as attested in the Khotan Dhammapada. Cognate to Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit प्रातिमोक्ष (prātimokṣa), alternative form प्रतिमोक्ष (pratimokṣa), and Pali pāṭimokkha.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄅㄛ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄊㄧˊ ㄇㄨˋ ㄔㄚ
- Tongyong Pinyin: boluótímùcha
- Wade–Giles: po1-lo2-tʻi2-mu4-chʻa1
- Yale: bwō-lwó-tí-mù-chā
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: boluotyimuhcha
- Palladius: болотимуча (bolotimuča)
- Sinological IPA (key): /pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ tʰi³⁵ mu⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰä⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Middle Chinese: pa la dej muwk tsrhae
Noun
波羅提木叉
- (Buddhism) prātimokṣa (Buddhist monastic laws or codes of conduct)
Descendants
Sino-Xenic (波羅提木叉):
- → Japanese: 波羅提木叉 (haradaimokusha)
- → Korean: 바라제목차(波羅提木叉) (barajemokcha)
- → Vietnamese: ba la đề mộc xoa (波羅提木叉)
Further reading
- Ding, Fubao (丁福保) (1922),
“波羅提木叉” in 佛學大辭典 .
