軽んずる

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
軽
かろ
Grade: 3
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
輕んずる (kyūjitai)

Etymology

Regular shift in conjugation from Classical Japanese verb 軽んず (karonzu), a phonetic shift from Classical Japanese 軽みす (karomi su), from 軽 (karo, stem of adjective 軽い (karoi, “light”), a mid-Heian period alternative form of 軽い (karui)) +‎ み (-mi) +‎ す (su, “to do”), where みす (-mi su) was a grammaticalised pattern meaning “treat (noun) as (adjective); find (noun) (adjective)”. Literally, “to treat as light”. Compare the kango (漢語) 軽視 (keishi, “disdain, neglect”), from 軽 (“light (adjective)”) +‎ 視 (“to see”).

Pronunciation

Verb

軽(かろ)んずる • (karonzuru) transitive suru (stem 軽(かろ)んじ (karonji), past 軽(かろ)んじた (karonjita))

  1. belittle, despise

Conjugation

Conjugation of "軽んずる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 軽んじ
軽んぜ 		かろんじ
かろんぜ 		karonji
karonze
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 軽んじ かろんじ karonji
Shūshikei ("terminal") 軽んずる かろんずる karonzuru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 軽んずる かろんずる karonzuru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 軽んずれ かろんずれ karonzure
Meireikei ("imperative") 軽んぜよ¹
軽んじろ² 		かろんぜよ¹
かろんじろ² 		karonzeyo¹
karonjiro²
Key constructions
Passive 軽んじられる
軽んぜられる 		かろんじられる
かろんぜられる 		karonjirareru
karonzerareru
Causative 軽んじさせる
軽んじさす 		かろんじさせる
かろんじさす 		karonjisaseru
karonjisasu
Potential 軽んじられる
軽んぜられる 		かろんじられる
かろんぜられる 		karonjirareru
karonzerareru
Volitional 軽んじよう かろんじよう karonjiyō
Negative 軽んじない かろんじない karonjinai
Negative continuative 軽んぜず かろんぜず karonzezu
Formal 軽んじます かろんじます karonjimasu
Perfective 軽んじた かろんじた karonjita
Conjunctive 軽んじて かろんじて karonjite
Hypothetical conditional 軽んずれば かろんずれば karonzureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

Synonyms

Antonyms

Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  4. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Frellesvig, Bjarke (2010) A History of the Japanese Language, Cambridge University Press, New York, →ISBN, page 87
  6. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
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