Causative form of 익다 (ikda, “to ripen, to be familiar with”). First attested in the Neung'eomgyeong eonhae (楞嚴經諺解 / 능엄경언해), 1461, as Middle Korean 니기다 (Yale: nikita).
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | ikhida |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | ighida |
| McCune–Reischauer? | ikhida |
| Yale Romanization? | ik.hita |
| Base | 익다 (ikda) |
|---|---|
| Causative | 익히다 (ikhida) |
익히다 • (ikhida) (infinitive 익혀 or 익히어, sequential 익히니)
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 익힌다 ikhinda |
익혀 ikhyeo |
익혀요, 익히어요 ikhyeoyo, ikhieoyo |
익힙니다 ikhimnida |
| Past | 익혔다 ikhyeotda |
익혔어 ikhyeosseo |
익혔어요 ikhyeosseoyo |
익혔습니다 ikhyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 익히느냐 ikhineunya |
익혀 ikhyeo |
익혀요, 익히어요 ikhyeoyo, ikhieoyo |
익힙니까 ikhimnikka |
| Past | 익혔느냐 ikhyeonneunya |
익혔어 ikhyeosseo |
익혔어요 ikhyeosseoyo |
익혔습니까 ikhyeotseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 익히자 ikhija |
익혀 ikhyeo |
익혀요, 익히어요 ikhyeoyo, ikhieoyo |
익히십시다 ikhisipsida | |
| Imperative | 익혀라, 익히어라 ikhyeora, ikhieora |
익혀 ikhyeo |
익혀요, 익히어요 ikhyeoyo, ikhieoyo |
익힙시오 ikhipsio | |
| Assertive | 익히겠다 ikhigetda |
익히겠어 ikhigesseo |
익히겠어요 ikhigesseoyo |
익히겠습니다 ikhigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 익혀 ikhyeo |
익혀서, 익히어서 ikhyeoseo, ikhieoseo |
익히니 ikhini |
익히니까 ikhinikka | |
| Contrast | 익히지만 ikhijiman |
익히는데 ikhineunde |
익히더니 ikhideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 익히고 ikhigo |
||||
| Condition | 익히면 ikhimyeon |
익혀야, 익히어야 ikhyeoya, ikhieoya |
|||
| Motive | 익히려고 ikhiryeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 익힘 ikhim |
익히기 ikhigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 익혔음, 익히었음 ikhyeosseum, ikhieosseum |
익혔기, 익히었기 ikhyeotgi, ikhieotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 익힌 ikhin | |||
| Present | 익히는 ikhineun | ||||
| Future | 익힐 ikhil | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 익히신다 ikhisinda |
익히셔 ikhisyeo |
익히세요, 익히셔요 ikhiseyo, ikhisyeoyo |
익히십니다 ikhisimnida |
| Past | 익히셨다 ikhisyeotda |
익히셨어 ikhisyeosseo |
익히셨어요 ikhisyeosseoyo |
익히셨습니다 ikhisyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 익히시느냐 ikhisineunya |
익히셔 ikhisyeo |
익히세요, 익히셔요 ikhiseyo, ikhisyeoyo |
익히십니까 ikhisimnikka |
| Past | 익히셨느냐 ikhisyeonneunya |
익히셨어 ikhisyeosseo |
익히셨어요 ikhisyeosseoyo |
익히셨습니까 ikhisyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 익히시라 ikhisira |
익히셔 ikhisyeo |
익히세요 ikhiseyo |
익히십시오 ikhisipsio | |
| Assertive | 익히시겠다 ikhisigetda |
익히시겠어 ikhisigesseo |
익히시겠어요 ikhisigesseoyo |
익히시겠습니다 ikhisigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 익히셔 ikhisyeo |
익히셔서 ikhisyeoseo |
익히시니 ikhisini |
익히시니까 ikhisinikka | |
| Contrast | 익히시지만 ikhisijiman |
익히시는데 ikhisineunde |
익히시더니 ikhisideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 익히시고 ikhisigo |
||||
| Condition | 익히시면 ikhisimyeon |
익히셔야 ikhisyeoya |
|||
| Motive | 익히시려고 ikhisiryeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 익히심 ikhisim |
익히시기 ikhisigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 익히셨음 ikhisyeosseum |
익히셨기 ikhisyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 익히신 ikhisin | |||
| Present | 익히시는 ikhisineun | ||||
| Future | 익히실 ikhisil | ||||