From -pa, an older variant of participle suffix -va, + -ua.
-pua (front vowel harmony variant -pyä, stem -pu-, linguistic notation -pU- or -pUA)
| Inflection of -pua (Kotus type 52*E/sanoa, p-v gradation) | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present tense | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | -vun | en -vu | 1st sing. | olen -punut | en ole -punut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | -vut | et -vu | 2nd sing. | olet -punut | et ole -punut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | -puu | ei -vu | 3rd sing. | on -punut | ei ole -punut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | -vumme | emme -vu | 1st plur. | olemme -puneet | emme ole -puneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | -vutte | ette -vu | 2nd plur. | olette -puneet | ette ole -puneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | -puvat | eivät -vu | 3rd plur. | ovat -puneet | eivät ole -puneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | -vutaan | ei -vuta | passive | on -vuttu | ei ole -vuttu | ||||||||||||||||
| past tense | pluperfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | -vuin | en -punut | 1st sing. | olin -punut | en ollut -punut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | -vuit | et -punut | 2nd sing. | olit -punut | et ollut -punut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | -pui | ei -punut | 3rd sing. | oli -punut | ei ollut -punut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | -vuimme | emme -puneet | 1st plur. | olimme -puneet | emme olleet -puneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | -vuitte | ette -puneet | 2nd plur. | olitte -puneet | ette olleet -puneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | -puivat | eivät -puneet | 3rd plur. | olivat -puneet | eivät olleet -puneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | -vuttiin | ei -vuttu | passive | oli -vuttu | ei ollut -vuttu | ||||||||||||||||
| conditional mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | -puisin | en -puisi | 1st sing. | olisin -punut | en olisi -punut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | -puisit | et -puisi | 2nd sing. | olisit -punut | et olisi -punut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | -puisi | ei -puisi | 3rd sing. | olisi -punut | ei olisi -punut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | -puisimme | emme -puisi | 1st plur. | olisimme -puneet | emme olisi -puneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | -puisitte | ette -puisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte -puneet | ette olisi -puneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | -puisivat | eivät -puisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat -puneet | eivät olisi -puneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | -vuttaisiin | ei -vuttaisi | passive | olisi -vuttu | ei olisi -vuttu | ||||||||||||||||
| imperative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | -vu | älä -vu | 2nd sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | -pukoon | älköön -puko | 3rd sing. | olkoon -punut | älköön olko -punut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | -pukaamme | älkäämme -puko | 1st plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | -pukaa | älkää -puko | 2nd plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | -pukoot | älkööt -puko | 3rd plur. | olkoot -puneet | älkööt olko -puneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | -vuttakoon | älköön -vuttako | passive | olkoon -vuttu | älköön olko -vuttu | ||||||||||||||||
| potential mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | -punen | en -pune | 1st sing. | lienen -punut | en liene -punut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | -punet | et -pune | 2nd sing. | lienet -punut | et liene -punut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | -punee | ei -pune | 3rd sing. | lienee -punut | ei liene -punut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | -punemme | emme -pune | 1st plur. | lienemme -puneet | emme liene -puneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | -punette | ette -pune | 2nd plur. | lienette -puneet | ette liene -puneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | -punevat | eivät -pune | 3rd plur. | lienevät -puneet | eivät liene -puneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | -vuttaneen | ei -vuttane | passive | lienee -vuttu | ei liene -vuttu | ||||||||||||||||
| Nominal forms | |||||||||||||||||||||
| infinitives | participles | ||||||||||||||||||||
| active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1st | -pua | present | -puva | -vuttava | |||||||||||||||||
| long 1st1 |
|
past | -punut | -vuttu | |||||||||||||||||
| 2nd | inessive2 | -puessa | -vuttaessa | agent4 | -puma | ||||||||||||||||
|
negative | -pumaton | |||||||||||||||||||
| instructive | -puen | — | 1) Used only with a possessive suffix. 2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). | ||||||||||||||||||
| 3rd | inessive | -pumassa | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| elative | -pumasta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| illative | -pumaan | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| adessive | -pumalla | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| abessive | -pumatta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| instructive | -puman | -vuttaman | |||||||||||||||||||
| 4th3 | verbal noun | -puminen | |||||||||||||||||||
| 5th1 |
| ||||||||||||||||||||
-pua (front vowel variant -pyä)
| Conjugation of -pua (type 1/ampua, p-v gradation) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indikativa | |||||
| Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | -vun | en -vu | 1st singular | oon -punt, oon -punut | en oo -punt, en oo -punut |
| 2nd singular | -vut | et -vu | 2nd singular | oot -punt, oot -punut | et oo -punt, et oo -punut |
| 3rd singular | -puu | ei -vu | 3rd singular | ono -punt, ono -punut | ei oo -punt, ei oo -punut |
| 1st plural | -vumma | emmä -vu | 1st plural | oomma -puneet | emmä oo -puneet |
| 2nd plural | -vutta | että -vu | 2nd plural | ootta -puneet | että oo -puneet |
| 3rd plural | -puut1), -puvat2), -vutaa | evät -vu, ei -vuta | 3rd plural | ovat -puneet | evät oo -puneet, ei oo -vuttu |
| impersonal | -vutaa | ei -vuta | impersonal | ono -vuttu | ei oo -vuttu |
| Imperfekta | Pluskvamperfekta | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | -vuin | en -punt, en -punut | 1st singular | olin -punt, olin -punut | en olt -punt, en olt -punut |
| 2nd singular | -vuit | et -punt, et -punut | 2nd singular | olit -punt, olit -punut | et olt -punt, et olt -punut |
| 3rd singular | -pui | ei -punt, ei -punut | 3rd singular | oli -punt, oli -punut | ei olt -punt, ei olt -punut |
| 1st plural | -vuimma | emmä -puneet | 1st plural | olimma -puneet | emmä olleet -puneet |
| 2nd plural | -vuitta | että -puneet | 2nd plural | olitta -puneet | että olleet -puneet |
| 3rd plural | -puit1), -puivat2), -vuttii | evät -puneet, ei -vuttu | 3rd plural | olivat -puneet | evät olleet -puneet, ei olt -vuttu |
| impersonal | -vuttii | ei -vuttu | impersonal | oli -vuttu | ei olt -vuttu |
| Konditsionala | |||||
| Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | -puisin | en -puis | 1st singular | olisin -punt, olisin -punut | en olis -punt, en olis -punut |
| 2nd singular | -puisit, -puist1) | et -puis | 2nd singular | olisit -punt, olisit -punut | et olis -punt, et olis -punut |
| 3rd singular | -puis | ei -puis | 3rd singular | olis -punt, olis -punut | ei olis -punt, ei olis -punut |
| 1st plural | -puisimma | emmä -puis | 1st plural | olisimma -puneet | emmä olis -puneet |
| 2nd plural | -puisitta | että -puis | 2nd plural | olisitta -puneet | että olis -puneet |
| 3rd plural | -puisiit1), -puisivat2), -vuttais | evät -puis, ei -vuttais | 3rd plural | olisivat -puneet | evät olis -puneet, ei olis -vuttu |
| impersonal | -vuttais | ei -vuttais | impersonal | olis -vuttu | ei olis -vuttu |
| Imperativa | |||||
| Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | — | — | 1st singular | — | — |
| 2nd singular | -vu | elä -vu | 2nd singular | oo -punt, oo -punut | elä oo -punt, elä oo -punut |
| 3rd singular | -pukoo | elköö -puko | 3rd singular | olkoo -punt, olkoo -punut | elköö olko -punt, elköö olko -punut |
| 1st plural | — | — | 1st plural | — | — |
| 2nd plural | -pukaa | elkää -puko | 2nd plural | olkaa -puneet | elkää olko -puneet |
| 3rd plural | -pukoot | elkööt -puko, elköö -vuttako | 3rd plural | olkoot -puneet | elkööt olko -puneet, elköö olko -vuttu |
| impersonal | -vuttakkoo | elköö -vuttako | impersonal | olkoo -vuttu | elköö olko -vuttu |
| Potentsiala | |||||
| Preesens | |||||
| positive | negative | ||||
| 1st singular | -punen | en -pune | |||
| 2nd singular | -punet | et -pune | |||
| 3rd singular | -punoo | ei -pune | |||
| 1st plural | -punemma | emmä -pune | |||
| 2nd plural | -punetta | että -pune | |||
| 3rd plural | -punoot | evät -pune, ei -vuttane | |||
| impersonal | -vuttannoo | ei -vuttane | |||
| Nominal forms | |||||
| Infinitivat | Partisipat | ||||
| active | passive | ||||
| 1st | -pua | present | -puva | -vuttava | |
| 2nd | inessive | -pujees | past | -punt, -punut | -vuttu |
| instructive | -puen | 1) Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect. 2) Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect. *) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (-pukaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well. **) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) to the indicative ***) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) or -kse to either the indicative or the potential ****) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse-, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition. | |||
| 3rd | illative | -pumaa | |||
| inessive | -pumaas | ||||
| elative | -pumast | ||||
| abessive | -pumata | ||||
| 4th | nominative | -pumiin | |||
| partitive | -pumista, -pumist | ||||