Appendix:Udmurt verbs

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Udmurt grammar § Verbs

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Verbs in Udmurt are consists of conjugation I (suffixed by -ыны (-yny)) and conjugation II (suffixed by -аны (-any)). Conjugation I verbs can also has short and long stems, e.g. мыныны (mynyny) for мын- (myn-) and мыны- (myny-) although the template for this conjugation type, Template:udm-conj-1st only requires short stems.

Alongside main suffix for preterite II -эм (-em)/-ем (-jem), this tense also features present tense suffix -иськем (-iśkem)/-ӥськем (-iśkem) and frequentive marker -лля- (-lľa-).

This tense uses preterite I plus auxiliary verb вал (val, “was”).

This tense uses either third person singular preterite II with personal possessive suffixes plus auxiliary вал (val, “was”) (type A), or preterite II with normal inflection plus вылэм (vylem, “was”) (type B).

• Type A inflection:

• Type B inflection:

This tense uses present tense plus auxiliary вал (val) or вылэм (vylem).

This tense uses future tense plus auxiliary вал (val) or вылэм (vylem).

For conjugation I imperatives, short form used when:

• The stem ends in consonant;
• The stem ends in vowel; and
• The stem is monosyllabic.

Long form used when:

• The stem ends in two consonant.

These negative forms are traditionally called "caritive".

Many forms uses auxiliary verb у- (u-) and other periphrastic constructions, however, negative preterite II also uses affixed forms.

• Affixed forms:

• Periphrastic forms:

This tense uses either third person singular preterite II with personal possessive suffixes plus auxiliary вал (val, “was”) (type A), or preterite II with normal inflection plus вылэм (vylem, “was”) (type B).

• Type A inflection:

• Type B inflection:

This tense uses present tense plus auxiliary вал (val) or вылэм (vylem).

This tense uses future tense plus auxiliary вал (val) or вылэм (vylem).

• Template:udm-conj-1st
• Template:udm-conj-2nd