If you are unfamiliar with Sanskrit verbs, this, this, and this serve as great guides to get familiar with conjugations.
This template can be called in eight different ways:
{{sa-verb|nonf|...}}
: a table with the infinitive, gerund, gerundives, and past passive participle{{sa-verb|pres|...}}
: a table with the present tense (incl. the indicative, optative, imperative, and active participles){{sa-verb|impf|...}}
: a table with the imperfect tense{{sa-verb|fut|...}}
: a table with the future tense (incl. the simple, peripherastic, and active participles){{sa-verb|cond|...}}
: a table with the conditional tense{{sa-verb|aor|...}}
: a table with the aorist tense{{sa-verb|bene|...}}
: a table with the benedictive/precative, originally the optative of the aorist{{sa-verb|perf|...}}
: a table with the perfect tense (incl. active participles)The first argument is always the third-person singular indicative active-voice form (or optative, in the case of the benedictive) of the verb in that tense. For instance, {{sa-verb|pres|arhati}}
will produce a table for the present-tense conjugation of अर्हति (arhati). {{sa-verb|impf|ārhat}}
will likewise produce a table for the imperfect-tense conjugation of that verb.
If no other non-keyword arguments are passed, the verb is assumed to be thematic, and this is all that is necessary. If a second argument is passed, the verb is assumed to be athematic and the the second argument should be the third-person plural indicative active-voice form (or optative, in the case of the benedictive) of the verb. If a third argument is passed, it should be the third-person singular indicative passive-voice form (or optative, in the case of the benedictive) of the verb. For instance, {{sa-verb|pres|leḍhi<leh>|lihanti|lihyate}}
will produce a table for the present-tense athematic conjugation of लेढि (leḍhi). For aorist and benedictive tables, the passive stem must be provided if it is different from the active stem, but the middle/weak stem is unused; hence {{sa-verb|aor|alikṣat||alikṣata}}
produces the aorist table for लेढि (leḍhi).
The "<...>" in that example encloses the stem of the verb. In the case of "leḍhi", the stem "leh" cannot be inferred from the third-person tense due to internal sandhi. Hence, we must provide the stem in brackets like that. All non-keyword arguments can take a stem like this, and, if provided, will be used in place of the third-person form (although the third-person form should still be provided so the module can infer the class of the verb). ALSO, the bracketed stem argument must be provided if the third-person form is irregular.
The non-finite forms table is special and only takes a single non-keyword argument: the infinitive form of the verb (with a possible bracketed stem). For लेढि (leḍhi), we would write {{sa-verb|nonf|liḍhum<lih>}}
.
Usually, like in the case of {{sa-verb|pres|leḍhi<leh>|lihanti|lihyate}}
, this module is smart and will apply a variety of sandhi rules to produce a correct output. Occasionally, though, this is not welcome. For instance, in {{sa-verb|pres|asti|santi|...}}
, the internal sandhi rules will try to eliminate the स in the root. To avoid this, use the argument "auto_sandhi=false".
A number of Sanskrit verbs are deponent (only middle voice), active-only, or have no passive. By default, this module will conjugate as many voices as each tense has. To limit the voices, use the argument "n=...". "a" stands for "active", "m" stands for "middle", and "p" stands for "passive", so "n=amp" will produce all three voices, "n=m" will produce just the middle voice, and "n=am" will produce both the active and middle voices, for example.
Occasionally, the automatic sandhi is unable to predict the right form in a particular case or the verb has some special cases. To handle this, every single cell of the table can be completely overridden by a keyword argument to the table. It should be of the form:
where
For instance, in {{sa-verb|pres|asti|santi|auto_sandhi=false|n=a}}
, the second-person singular indicative present form will be *अस्सि by default, but it is actually irregular and is असि. Hence, we override the default value by providing the arg "indic_av_2_s=asi" in {{sa-verb|pres|asti|santi|auto_sandhi=false|indic_av_2_s=asi|n=a}}
.
For खेलति (khelati) (thematic, class 1, no ablaut),
{{sa-verb|nonf|Kelitum}}
{{sa-verb|pres|Kelati}}
{{sa-verb|impf|aKelat}}
{{sa-verb|fut|Kelizyati}}
{{sa-verb|cond|aKeizyat}}
{{sa-verb|aor|aKelIt}}
{{sa-verb|bene|KelyAt}}
{{sa-verb|perf|caKela}}
Lua error in Module:User:Dragonoid76/sa-verb at line 458: Parameter "lemma" has been entered more than once. This is probably because a parameter alias has been used.
Lua error in Module:User:Dragonoid76/sa-verb at line 458: Parameter "lemma" has been entered more than once. This is probably because a parameter alias has been used.
Lua error in Module:User:Dragonoid76/sa-verb at line 458: Parameter "lemma" has been entered more than once. This is probably because a parameter alias has been used.
Lua error in Module:User:Dragonoid76/sa-verb at line 458: Parameter "lemma" has been entered more than once. This is probably because a parameter alias has been used.
Lua error in Module:User:Dragonoid76/sa-verb at line 458: Parameter "lemma" has been entered more than once. This is probably because a parameter alias has been used.
Lua error in Module:User:Dragonoid76/sa-verb at line 458: Parameter "lemma" has been entered more than once. This is probably because a parameter alias has been used.
Lua error in Module:User:Dragonoid76/sa-verb at line 458: Parameter "lemma" has been entered more than once. This is probably because a parameter alias has been used.
Lua error in Module:User:Dragonoid76/sa-verb at line 458: Parameter "lemma" has been entered more than once. This is probably because a parameter alias has been used.
For अस्ति (asti) (athematic, class 2),
{{sa-verb|pres|asti|santi|auto_sandhi=false|indic_av_2_s=asi|n=a}}
{{sa-verb|impf|āsīt<ās>|āsan|auto_sandhi=false|indic_av_2_s=āsīḥ|indic_av_3_s=āsīt|n=a}}
("<ās>" is provided as the form "āsīt" is irregular).
Lua error in Module:User:Dragonoid76/sa-verb at line 458: Parameter "lemma" has been entered more than once. This is probably because a parameter alias has been used.
Lua error in Module:User:Dragonoid76/sa-verb at line 458: Parameter "lemma" has been entered more than once. This is probably because a parameter alias has been used.
For लेढि (leḍhi) (athematic, class 2, irregular),
{{sa-verb|nonf|līḍhum<lih>}}
{{sa-verb|pres|leḍhi<leh>|lihanti|lihyate}}
{{sa-verb|impf|aleṭ<aleh>|alihan|alihyata}}
{{sa-verb|fut|lekṣyati}}
{{sa-verb|cond|alekṣyat}}
{{sa-verb|aor|alikṣat||alikṣata}}
{{sa-verb|bene|lihyāt||likṣīṣṭa}}
{{sa-verb|perf|lileha|lilihuḥ}}
Lua error in Module:User:Dragonoid76/sa-verb at line 458: Parameter "lemma" has been entered more than once. This is probably because a parameter alias has been used.
Lua error in Module:User:Dragonoid76/sa-verb at line 458: Parameter "lemma" has been entered more than once. This is probably because a parameter alias has been used.
Lua error in Module:User:Dragonoid76/sa-verb at line 458: Parameter "lemma" has been entered more than once. This is probably because a parameter alias has been used.
Lua error in Module:User:Dragonoid76/sa-verb at line 458: Parameter "lemma" has been entered more than once. This is probably because a parameter alias has been used.
Lua error in Module:User:Dragonoid76/sa-verb at line 458: Parameter "lemma" has been entered more than once. This is probably because a parameter alias has been used.
Lua error in Module:User:Dragonoid76/sa-verb at line 458: Parameter "lemma" has been entered more than once. This is probably because a parameter alias has been used.
Lua error in Module:User:Dragonoid76/sa-verb at line 458: Parameter "lemma" has been entered more than once. This is probably because a parameter alias has been used.
Lua error in Module:User:Dragonoid76/sa-verb at line 458: Parameter "lemma" has been entered more than once. This is probably because a parameter alias has been used.
For रिणक्ति (riṇakti) (athematic, class 7),
{{sa-verb|nonf|riṇaktum<riṇac>|rikta<ric>}}
{{sa-verb|pres|riṇakti<riṇac>|riñcanti|ricyate}}
{{sa-verb|impf|ariṇak<ariṇac>|ariñcan|aricyata}}
{{sa-verb|fut|rekṣyati}}
{{sa-verb|cond|arekṣyat}}
{{sa-verb|aor|aricat,araikṣīt||arikta<aric>}}
{{sa-verb|bene|recyāt||rikṣīṣṭa}}
{{sa-verb|perf|rireca|riricuḥ}}
Lua error in Module:User:Dragonoid76/sa-verb at line 458: Parameter "lemma" has been entered more than once. This is probably because a parameter alias has been used.
Lua error in Module:User:Dragonoid76/sa-verb at line 458: Parameter "lemma" has been entered more than once. This is probably because a parameter alias has been used.
Lua error in Module:User:Dragonoid76/sa-verb at line 458: Parameter "lemma" has been entered more than once. This is probably because a parameter alias has been used.
Lua error in Module:User:Dragonoid76/sa-verb at line 458: Parameter "lemma" has been entered more than once. This is probably because a parameter alias has been used.
Lua error in Module:User:Dragonoid76/sa-verb at line 458: Parameter "lemma" has been entered more than once. This is probably because a parameter alias has been used.
Lua error in Module:User:Dragonoid76/sa-verb at line 458: Parameter "lemma" has been entered more than once. This is probably because a parameter alias has been used.
Lua error in Module:User:Dragonoid76/sa-verb at line 458: Parameter "lemma" has been entered more than once. This is probably because a parameter alias has been used.
Lua error in Module:User:Dragonoid76/sa-verb at line 458: Parameter "lemma" has been entered more than once. This is probably because a parameter alias has been used.