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Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/garyeti. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/garyeti, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/garyeti in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
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Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *ǵr̥-ye-ti (“to call, cry”).
Verb
*garyeti
- to cry
- to shout
Reconstruction notes
Only a Proto-Indo-European root *ǵar- can adequately explain the Proto-Celtic subjunctive stem *garase-. **ǵeh₂r- would have given **gārase-. Remodeling to match the ablaut grade of the present stem *garye- would have been unparalelled in Proto-Celtic.
Inflection
| Thematic present, t-preterite
|
| Active voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*garyū
|
*garyemam
|
*gigarasū
|
*garam
|
| 2nd singular
|
*garyesi
|
*garyetās
|
*gigarasesi
|
*gars
|
| 3rd singular
|
*garyeti
|
*garyeto
|
*gigaraseti
|
*gart
|
| 1st plural
|
*garyomosi
|
*garyemo
|
*gigarasomosi
|
*garme
|
| 2nd plural
|
*garyetesi
|
*garyestē
|
*gigarasetesi
|
*garte
|
| 3rd plural
|
*garyonti
|
*garyento
|
*gigarasonti
|
*garant
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*garasū
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*garasesi
|
?
|
*garye
|
| 3rd singular
|
*garaseti
|
?
|
*garyetou
|
| 1st plural
|
*garasomosi
|
?
|
*garyomos
|
| 2nd plural
|
*garasetesi
|
?
|
*garyete
|
| 3rd plural
|
*garasonti
|
?
|
*garyontou
|
| Passive voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*garyūr
|
—
|
*gigarasūr
|
?
|
| 2nd singular
|
*garyetar
|
—
|
*gigarasetar
|
?
|
| 3rd singular
|
*garyetor
|
?
|
*gigarasetor
|
?
|
| 1st plural
|
*garyommor
|
—
|
*gigarasommor
|
?
|
| 2nd plural
|
*garyedwe
|
—
|
*gigarasedwe
|
?
|
| 3rd plural
|
*garyontor
|
?
|
*gigarasontor
|
*garanto
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*garasūr
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*garasetar
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*garasetor
|
—
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*garasommor
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*garasedwe
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*garasontor
|
—
|
—
|
| Declension of the present participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*garyonts
|
*garyonte
|
*garyontes
|
| vocative
|
*garyonts
|
*garyonte
|
*garyontes
|
| accusative
|
*garyontam
|
*garyonte
|
*garyontans
|
| genitive
|
*garyantos
|
*?
|
*garyantom
|
| dative
|
*garyantei
|
*garyantbom
|
*garyantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*garyantī?
|
*garyantbim
|
*garyantbis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*garyantī
|
*garyantī
|
*garyantiyās
|
| vocative
|
*garyantī
|
*garyantī
|
*garyantiyās
|
| accusative
|
*garyantīm
|
*garyantī
|
*garyantiyans
|
| genitive
|
*garyantyās
|
*?
|
*garyantyom
|
| dative
|
*garyantyāi
|
*garyantyābom
|
*garyantyābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*garyantyābim
|
*garyantyābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*garyont
|
*?
|
*garyonta
|
| vocative
|
*garyont
|
*?
|
*garyonta
|
| accusative
|
*garyont
|
*?
|
*garyonta
|
| genitive
|
*garyantos
|
*?
|
*garyantom
|
| dative
|
*garyantei
|
*?
|
*garyantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*garyantī?
|
*?
|
*garyantbis
|
| Declension of the middle participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*garyomnos
|
*garyomnou
|
*garyomnoi
|
| vocative
|
*garyomne
|
*garyomnou
|
*garyomnoi
|
| accusative
|
*garyomnom
|
*garyomnou
|
*garyomnons
|
| genitive
|
*garyomnī
|
*garyomnous
|
*garyomnom
|
| dative
|
*garyomnūi
|
*garyomnobom
|
*garyomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*garyomnū
|
*garyomnobim
|
*garyomnobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*garyomnā
|
*garyomnai
|
*garyomnās
|
| vocative
|
*garyomnā
|
*garyomnai
|
*garyomnās
|
| accusative
|
*garyomnam
|
*garyomnai
|
*garyomnans
|
| genitive
|
*garyomnās
|
*garyomnous
|
*garyomnom
|
| dative
|
*garyomnai
|
*garyomnābom
|
*garyomnābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*garyomnābim
|
*garyomnābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*garyomnom
|
*garyomnou
|
*garyomnā
|
| vocative
|
*garyomnom
|
*garyomnou
|
*garyomnā
|
| accusative
|
*garyomnom
|
*garyomnou
|
*garyomnā
|
| genitive
|
*garyomnī
|
*garyomnous
|
*garyomnom
|
| dative
|
*garyomnūi
|
*garyomnobom
|
*garyomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*garyomnū
|
*garyomnobim
|
*garyomnobis
|
| Declension of the past participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*gartos
|
*gartou
|
*gartoi
|
| vocative
|
*garte
|
*gartou
|
*gartoi
|
| accusative
|
*gartom
|
*gartou
|
*gartons
|
| genitive
|
*gartī
|
*gartous
|
*gartom
|
| dative
|
*gartūi
|
*gartobom
|
*gartobos
|
| instrumental
|
*gartū
|
*gartobim
|
*gartobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*gartā
|
*gartai
|
*gartās
|
| vocative
|
*gartā
|
*gartai
|
*gartās
|
| accusative
|
*gartam
|
*gartai
|
*gartans
|
| genitive
|
*gartās
|
*gartous
|
*gartom
|
| dative
|
*gartai
|
*gartābom
|
*gartābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*gartābim
|
*gartābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*gartom
|
*gartou
|
*gartā
|
| vocative
|
*gartom
|
*gartou
|
*gartā
|
| accusative
|
*gartom
|
*gartou
|
*gartā
|
| genitive
|
*gartī
|
*gartous
|
*gartom
|
| dative
|
*gartūi
|
*gartobom
|
*gartobos
|
| instrumental
|
*gartū
|
*gartobim
|
*gartobis
|
Derived terms
Descendants
- Proto-Brythonic:
- Old Irish: gairid
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Schumacher, Stefan, Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004) “Urkelt. *gar-i̯e/o- ‘rufen, schreien’”, in Die keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 110) (in German), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck, →ISBN, pages 331-34 and page 49 note 39
Further reading
- Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*gar-yo- ‘call, cry’ ”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 153
