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Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/gnināti. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/gnināti, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
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Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥néh₃ti (“to know, recognize”).
Verb
*gnināti
- to recognize
Inflection
| Nasal-infix athematic present with stem ablaut to an h₃-final root, suffixless preterite
|
| Active voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*gnināmi
|
*gninamam
|
*gignāsū
|
*gegnū
|
| 2nd singular
|
*gnināsi
|
*gninatās
|
*gignāsesi
|
*gegnūs
|
| 3rd singular
|
*gnināti
|
*gninato
|
*gignāseti
|
*gegnū
|
| 1st plural
|
*gninamosi
|
*gninamo
|
*gignāsomosi
|
*gegnamo
|
| 2nd plural
|
*gninatesi
|
*gninastē
|
*gignāsetesi
|
*gegnate
|
| 3rd plural
|
*gninonti
|
*gninanto
|
*gignāsonti
|
*gegnars
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*gnāsū
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*gnāsesi
|
?
|
*gninā
|
| 3rd singular
|
*gnāseti
|
?
|
*gninātou
|
| 1st plural
|
*gnāsomosi
|
?
|
*gninamos
|
| 2nd plural
|
*gnāsetesi
|
?
|
*gninate
|
| 3rd plural
|
*gnāsonti
|
?
|
*gninontou
|
| Passive voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*gninār
|
—
|
*gignāsūr
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*gninātar
|
—
|
*gignāsetar
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*gninātor
|
?
|
*gignāsetor
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*gninammor
|
—
|
*gignāsommor
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*gninadwe
|
—
|
*gignāsedwe
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*gninontor
|
?
|
*gignāsontor
|
—
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*gnāsūr
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*gnāsetar
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*gnāsetor
|
—
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*gnāsommor
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*gnāsedwe
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*gnāsontor
|
—
|
—
|
| Declension of the present participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*gninonts
|
*gninonte
|
*gninontes
|
| vocative
|
*gninonts
|
*gninonte
|
*gninontes
|
| accusative
|
*gninontam
|
*gninonte
|
*gninontans
|
| genitive
|
*gninantos
|
*?
|
*gninantom
|
| dative
|
*gninantei
|
*gninantbom
|
*gninantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*gninantī?
|
*gninantbim
|
*gninantbis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*gninantī
|
*gninantī
|
*gninantiyās
|
| vocative
|
*gninantī
|
*gninantī
|
*gninantiyās
|
| accusative
|
*gninantīm
|
*gninantī
|
*gninantiyans
|
| genitive
|
*gninantyās
|
*?
|
*gninantyom
|
| dative
|
*gninantyāi
|
*gninantyābom
|
*gninantyābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*gninantyābim
|
*gninantyābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*gninont
|
*?
|
*gninonta
|
| vocative
|
*gninont
|
*?
|
*gninonta
|
| accusative
|
*gninont
|
*?
|
*gninonta
|
| genitive
|
*gninantos
|
*?
|
*gninantom
|
| dative
|
*gninantei
|
*?
|
*gninantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*gninantī?
|
*?
|
*gninantbis
|
| Declension of the middle participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*gninamnos
|
*gninamnou
|
*gninamnoi
|
| vocative
|
*gninamne
|
*gninamnou
|
*gninamnoi
|
| accusative
|
*gninamnom
|
*gninamnou
|
*gninamnons
|
| genitive
|
*gninamnī
|
*gninamnous
|
*gninamnom
|
| dative
|
*gninamnūi
|
*gninamnobom
|
*gninamnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*gninamnū
|
*gninamnobim
|
*gninamnobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*gninamnā
|
*gninamnai
|
*gninamnās
|
| vocative
|
*gninamnā
|
*gninamnai
|
*gninamnās
|
| accusative
|
*gninamnam
|
*gninamnai
|
*gninamnans
|
| genitive
|
*gninamnās
|
*gninamnous
|
*gninamnom
|
| dative
|
*gninamnai
|
*gninamnābom
|
*gninamnābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*gninamnābim
|
*gninamnābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*gninamnom
|
*gninamnou
|
*gninamnā
|
| vocative
|
*gninamnom
|
*gninamnou
|
*gninamnā
|
| accusative
|
*gninamnom
|
*gninamnou
|
*gninamnā
|
| genitive
|
*gninamnī
|
*gninamnous
|
*gninamnom
|
| dative
|
*gninamnūi
|
*gninamnobom
|
*gninamnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*gninamnū
|
*gninamnobim
|
*gninamnobis
|
| Declension of the past participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*gnātos
|
*gnātou
|
*gnātoi
|
| vocative
|
*gnāte
|
*gnātou
|
*gnātoi
|
| accusative
|
*gnātom
|
*gnātou
|
*gnātons
|
| genitive
|
*gnātī
|
*gnātous
|
*gnātom
|
| dative
|
*gnātūi
|
*gnātobom
|
*gnātobos
|
| instrumental
|
*gnātū
|
*gnātobim
|
*gnātobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*gnātā
|
*gnātai
|
*gnātās
|
| vocative
|
*gnātā
|
*gnātai
|
*gnātās
|
| accusative
|
*gnātam
|
*gnātai
|
*gnātans
|
| genitive
|
*gnātās
|
*gnātous
|
*gnātom
|
| dative
|
*gnātai
|
*gnātābom
|
*gnātābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*gnātābim
|
*gnātābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*gnātom
|
*gnātou
|
*gnātā
|
| vocative
|
*gnātom
|
*gnātou
|
*gnātā
|
| accusative
|
*gnātom
|
*gnātou
|
*gnātā
|
| genitive
|
*gnātī
|
*gnātous
|
*gnātom
|
| dative
|
*gnātūi
|
*gnātobom
|
*gnātobos
|
| instrumental
|
*gnātū
|
*gnātobim
|
*gnātobis
|
Alternative reconstructions
Reconstruction notes
Later in Celtic, the ablauting nasal infix -nā-/-na- was replaced by -nu- by analogy with *klinutor (“to hear”), accounting for the fact that the stem vowel i is not lowered to e in Old Irish.
Derived terms
Descendants
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*gni-na-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 163
- ^ Schumacher, Stefan, Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004) Die keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 110) (in German), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck, →ISBN, page 350
