Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/klinutor
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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *ḱl̥néwti.
Verb
- to hear
Conjugation
Deponent forms:
| , deponent | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Passive voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | *klinur | — | *kikluwasūr | — |
| 2nd singular | *klinutar | — | *kikluwasetar | — |
| 3rd singular | *klinutor | ? | *kikluwasetor | — |
| 1st plural | *klinummor | — | *kikluwasommor | — |
| 2nd plural | *klinudwe | — | *kikluwasedwe | — |
| 3rd plural | *klinuntor | ? | *kikluwasontor | — |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | *klowūr | — | — | |
| 2nd singular | *klowetar | — | — | |
| 3rd singular | *klowetor | — | — | |
| 1st plural | *klowommor | — | — | |
| 2nd plural | *klowedwe | — | — | |
| 3rd plural | *klowontor | — | — | |
| Declension of the present participle | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *klinwonts | *klinwonte | *klinwontes |
| vocative | *klinwonts | *klinwonte | *klinwontes |
| accusative | *klinwontam | *klinwonte | *klinwontans |
| genitive | *klinwantos | *? | *klinwantom |
| dative | *klinwantei | *klinwantbom | *klinwantbos |
| instrumental | *klinwantī? | *klinwantbim | *klinwantbis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *klinwantī | *klinwantī | *klinwantiyās |
| vocative | *klinwantī | *klinwantī | *klinwantiyās |
| accusative | *klinwantīm | *klinwantī | *klinwantiyans |
| genitive | *klinwantyās | *? | *klinwantyom |
| dative | *klinwantyāi | *klinwantyābom | *klinwantyābos |
| instrumental | *? | *klinwantyābim | *klinwantyābis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *klinwont | *? | *klinwonta |
| vocative | *klinwont | *? | *klinwonta |
| accusative | *klinwont | *? | *klinwonta |
| genitive | *klinwantos | *? | *klinwantom |
| dative | *klinwantei | *? | *klinwantbos |
| instrumental | *klinwantī? | *? | *klinwantbis |
| Declension of the middle participle | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *klinumnos | *klinumnou | *klinumnoi |
| vocative | *klinumne | *klinumnou | *klinumnoi |
| accusative | *klinumnom | *klinumnou | *klinumnons |
| genitive | *klinumnī | *klinumnous | *klinumnom |
| dative | *klinumnūi | *klinumnobom | *klinumnobos |
| instrumental | *klinumnū | *klinumnobim | *klinumnobis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *klinumnā | *klinumnai | *klinumnās |
| vocative | *klinumnā | *klinumnai | *klinumnās |
| accusative | *klinumnam | *klinumnai | *klinumnans |
| genitive | *klinumnās | *klinumnous | *klinumnom |
| dative | *klinumnai | *klinumnābom | *klinumnābos |
| instrumental | *? | *klinumnābim | *klinumnābis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *klinumnom | *klinumnou | *klinumnā |
| vocative | *klinumnom | *klinumnou | *klinumnā |
| accusative | *klinumnom | *klinumnou | *klinumnā |
| genitive | *klinumnī | *klinumnous | *klinumnom |
| dative | *klinumnūi | *klinumnobom | *klinumnobos |
| instrumental | *klinumnū | *klinumnobim | *klinumnobis |
Non-deponent forms:
| Suffixless preterite | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | ? | ? | ? | *kuklowa |
| 2nd singular | ? | ? | ? | *kuklowas? |
| 3rd singular | ? | ? | ? | *kuklowe |
| 1st plural | ? | ? | ? | *kuklowmo |
| 2nd plural | ? | ? | ? | *kuklowe |
| 3rd plural | ? | ? | ? | *kuklowars |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | ? | ? | — | |
| 2nd singular | ? | ? | ? | |
| 3rd singular | ? | ? | ? | |
| 1st plural | ? | ? | ? | |
| 2nd plural | ? | ? | ? | |
| 3rd plural | ? | ? | ? | |
| Passive voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | ? | — | ? | *kuklowra |
| 2nd singular | ? | — | ? | *kuklowras? |
| 3rd singular | ? | ? | ? | *kuklowre |
| 1st plural | ? | — | ? | ? |
| 2nd plural | ? | — | ? | ? |
| 3rd plural | ? | ? | ? | ? |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | ? | — | — | |
| 2nd singular | ? | — | — | |
| 3rd singular | ? | — | — | |
| 1st plural | ? | — | — | |
| 2nd plural | ? | — | — | |
| 3rd plural | ? | — | — | |
| Declension of the past participle | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *klutos | *klutou | *klutoi |
| vocative | *klute | *klutou | *klutoi |
| accusative | *klutom | *klutou | *klutons |
| genitive | *klutī | *klutous | *klutom |
| dative | *klutūi | *klutobom | *klutobos |
| instrumental | *klutū | *klutobim | *klutobis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *klutā | *klutai | *klutās |
| vocative | *klutā | *klutai | *klutās |
| accusative | *klutam | *klutai | *klutans |
| genitive | *klutās | *klutous | *klutom |
| dative | *klutai | *klutābom | *klutābos |
| instrumental | *? | *klutābim | *klutābis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *klutom | *klutou | *klutā |
| vocative | *klutom | *klutou | *klutā |
| accusative | *klutom | *klutou | *klutā |
| genitive | *klutī | *klutous | *klutom |
| dative | *klutūi | *klutobom | *klutobos |
| instrumental | *klutū | *klutobim | *klutobis |
Related terms
Descendants
- ⇒ Old Irish: ro·cluinethar (from *ɸro-klunitor with metathesis of i and u)
References
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*kli-nu-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 208