Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱl̥néwti

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 This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

    From *ḱlew- (“to hear”) +‎ *-né- (nasal infix).

    Verb

    *ḱl̥néwti (imperfective)[1][2][3]

    1. to be listening

    Inflection

    Imperfective, athematic
    3rd singular *ḱl̥néwti
    3rd plural *ḱln̥wénti
    Active voice Present indicative Past indicative Imperative Subjunctive Optative
    1st singular *ḱl̥néwmi *ḱl̥nḗm — *ḱl̥néwoh₂ *ḱl̥nuyéh₁m̥
    2nd singular *ḱl̥néwsi *ḱl̥néws *ḱl̥néw, *ḱl̥nudʰí *ḱl̥néwesi *ḱl̥nuyéh₁s
    3rd singular *ḱl̥néwti *ḱl̥néwt *ḱl̥néwtu *ḱl̥néweti *ḱl̥nuyéh₁t
    1st dual *ḱl̥nuwós *ḱl̥nuwé — *ḱl̥néwowos *ḱln̥wih₁wé
    2nd dual *ḱl̥nutés *ḱl̥nutóm *ḱl̥nutóm *ḱl̥néwetes *ḱln̥wih₁tóm
    3rd dual *ḱl̥nutés *ḱl̥nutā́m *ḱl̥nutā́m *ḱl̥néwetes *ḱln̥wih₁tā́m
    1st plural *ḱl̥numós *ḱl̥numé — *ḱl̥néwomos *ḱln̥wih₁mé
    2nd plural *ḱl̥nuté *ḱl̥nuté *ḱl̥nuté *ḱl̥néwete *ḱln̥wih₁té
    3rd plural *ḱln̥wénti *ḱln̥wént *ḱln̥wéntu *ḱl̥néwonti *ḱln̥wih₁ént
    Participle *ḱln̥wónts
    Middle voice Present indicative Past indicative Imperative Subjunctive Optative
    1st singular *ḱl̥nuh₂ér *ḱl̥nuh₂é — *ḱl̥néwoh₂er *ḱln̥wih₁h₂é
    2nd singular *ḱl̥nuth₂ér *ḱl̥nuth₂é *ḱl̥nusó *ḱl̥néweth₂er *ḱln̥wih₁th₂é
    3rd singular *ḱl̥nutór, *ḱln̥wór *ḱl̥nutó, *ḱln̥wó *? *ḱl̥néwetor *ḱln̥wih₁tó, *ḱln̥wih₁ó
    1st dual *ḱl̥nuwósdʰh₂ *ḱl̥nuwédʰh₂ — *ḱl̥néwowosdʰh₂ *ḱln̥wih₁wédʰh₂
    2nd dual *? *? *? *? *?
    3rd dual *? *? *? *? *?
    1st plural *ḱl̥numósdʰh₂ *ḱl̥numédʰh₂ — *ḱl̥néwomosdʰh₂ *ḱln̥wih₁médʰh₂
    2nd plural *ḱl̥nudʰh₂wé *ḱl̥nudʰh₂wé *ḱl̥nudʰh₂wé *ḱl̥néwedʰh₂we *ḱln̥wih₁dʰh₂wé
    3rd plural *ḱln̥wn̥tór, *ḱl̥nurór *ḱln̥wn̥tó, *ḱl̥nuró *? *ḱl̥néwontor *ḱln̥wih₁ró
    Participle *ḱln̥wm̥h₁nós

    Derived terms

    • *ḱl̥nów-is ~ *ḱln̥w-éy-s
      • >? Proto-Germanic: *hlunniz
        • Proto-West Germanic: *hlunni (see there for further descendants)

    Descendants

    References

    1. ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*k̑leu̯-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 334-335
    2. ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*srau”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 356-357
    3. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*kli-nu-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 208
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