Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/knāyeti

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *kneh₂- (“to bite, to gnaw”).

Verb

*knāyeti^[1]

to bite, to chew

Inflection

Thematic present, suffixless preterite
Active voice
	Present	Imperfect	Future	Preterite
1st singular	*knāyū	*knāyemam	?	?
2nd singular	*knāyesi	*knāyetās	?	?
3rd singular	*knāyeti	*knāyeto	?	?
1st plural	*knāyomosi	*knāyemo	?	?
2nd plural	*knāyetesi	*knāyestē	?	?
3rd plural	*knāyonti	*knāyento	?	?
	Pres. subjunctive	Past subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	*knāsū	?	—
2nd singular	*knāsesi	?	*knāye
3rd singular	*knāseti	?	*knāyetou
1st plural	*knāsomosi	?	*knāyomos
2nd plural	*knāsetesi	?	*knāyete
3rd plural	*knāsonti	?	*knāyontou
Passive voice
	Present	Imperfect	Future	Preterite
1st singular	*knāyūr	—	?	?
2nd singular	*knāyetar	—	?	?
3rd singular	*knāyetor	?	?	?
1st plural	*knāyommor	—	?	?
2nd plural	*knāyedwe	—	?	?
3rd plural	*knāyontor	?	?	?
	Pres. subjunctive	Past subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	*knāsūr	—	—
2nd singular	*knāsetar	—	—
3rd singular	*knāsetor	—	—
1st plural	*knāsommor	—	—
2nd plural	*knāsedwe	—	—
3rd plural	*knāsontor	—	—

Descendants

Brythonic:
- Middle Welsh: cnoi, cny (Present, 3rd singular)
  - Welsh: cnoi
Goidelic:
- Middle Irish: cnaid
- ⇒ Old Irish: imm·cná
- ⇒ Old Irish: con·cná
  - Middle Irish: con·cnaí, cocnaid
    - Irish: cogain
    - Scottish Gaelic: cagainn
    - Manx: caigney (verbal noun)

References

^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*knāy-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 211

[Matasovic-1] Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*knāy-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 211

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