Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/togīti
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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *stog-éye-ti, an o-grade iterative formed to the root *(s)teg- (“to cover”).
Verb
Inflection
| Ī-present | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | *togeyū | *togīmam | ? | — |
| 2nd singular | *togīsi | *togītās | ? | — |
| 3rd singular | *togīti | *togīto | ? | — |
| 1st plural | *togeyomosi | *togīmo | ? | — |
| 2nd plural | *togītesi | *togīstē | ? | — |
| 3rd plural | *togeyonti | *togīnto | ? | — |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | ? | ? | — | |
| 2nd singular | ? | ? | *togī | |
| 3rd singular | ? | ? | *togītou | |
| 1st plural | ? | ? | *togeyomos | |
| 2nd plural | ? | ? | *togīte | |
| 3rd plural | ? | ? | *togeyontou | |
| Passive voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | *togeyūr | — | ? | — |
| 2nd singular | *togītar | — | ? | — |
| 3rd singular | *togītor | ? | ? | — |
| 1st plural | *togeyommor | — | ? | — |
| 2nd plural | *togīdwe | — | ? | — |
| 3rd plural | *togeyontor | ? | ? | — |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | ? | — | — | |
| 2nd singular | ? | — | — | |
| 3rd singular | ? | — | — | |
| 1st plural | ? | — | — | |
| 2nd plural | ? | — | — | |
| 3rd plural | ? | — | — | |
| Declension of the present participle | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *togeyonts | *togeyonte | *togeyontes |
| vocative | *togeyonts | *togeyonte | *togeyontes |
| accusative | *togeyontam | *togeyonte | *togeyontans |
| genitive | *togeyantos | *? | *togeyantom |
| dative | *togeyantei | *togeyantbom | *togeyantbos |
| instrumental | *togeyantī? | *togeyantbim | *togeyantbis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *togeyantī | *togeyantī | *togeyantiyās |
| vocative | *togeyantī | *togeyantī | *togeyantiyās |
| accusative | *togeyantīm | *togeyantī | *togeyantiyans |
| genitive | *togeyantyās | *? | *togeyantyom |
| dative | *togeyantyāi | *togeyantyābom | *togeyantyābos |
| instrumental | *? | *togeyantyābim | *togeyantyābis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *togeyont | *? | *togeyonta |
| vocative | *togeyont | *? | *togeyonta |
| accusative | *togeyont | *? | *togeyonta |
| genitive | *togeyantos | *? | *togeyantom |
| dative | *togeyantei | *? | *togeyantbos |
| instrumental | *togeyantī? | *? | *togeyantbis |
| Declension of the middle participle | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *togeyomnos | *togeyomnou | *togeyomnoi |
| vocative | *togeyomne | *togeyomnou | *togeyomnoi |
| accusative | *togeyomnom | *togeyomnou | *togeyomnons |
| genitive | *togeyomnī | *togeyomnous | *togeyomnom |
| dative | *togeyomnūi | *togeyomnobom | *togeyomnobos |
| instrumental | *togeyomnū | *togeyomnobim | *togeyomnobis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *togeyomnā | *togeyomnai | *togeyomnās |
| vocative | *togeyomnā | *togeyomnai | *togeyomnās |
| accusative | *togeyomnam | *togeyomnai | *togeyomnans |
| genitive | *togeyomnās | *togeyomnous | *togeyomnom |
| dative | *togeyomnai | *togeyomnābom | *togeyomnābos |
| instrumental | *? | *togeyomnābim | *togeyomnābis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *togeyomnom | *togeyomnou | *togeyomnā |
| vocative | *togeyomnom | *togeyomnou | *togeyomnā |
| accusative | *togeyomnom | *togeyomnou | *togeyomnā |
| genitive | *togeyomnī | *togeyomnous | *togeyomnom |
| dative | *togeyomnūi | *togeyomnobom | *togeyomnobos |
| instrumental | *togeyomnū | *togeyomnobim | *togeyomnobis |
| Declension of the past participle | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *togetos | *togetou | *togetoi |
| vocative | *togete | *togetou | *togetoi |
| accusative | *togetom | *togetou | *togetons |
| genitive | *togetī | *togetous | *togetom |
| dative | *togetūi | *togetobom | *togetobos |
| instrumental | *togetū | *togetobim | *togetobis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *togetā | *togetai | *togetās |
| vocative | *togetā | *togetai | *togetās |
| accusative | *togetam | *togetai | *togetans |
| genitive | *togetās | *togetous | *togetom |
| dative | *togetai | *togetābom | *togetābos |
| instrumental | *? | *togetābim | *togetābis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *togetom | *togetou | *togetā |
| vocative | *togetom | *togetou | *togetā |
| accusative | *togetom | *togetou | *togetā |
| genitive | *togetī | *togetous | *togetom |
| dative | *togetūi | *togetobom | *togetobos |
| instrumental | *togetū | *togetobim | *togetobis |
Related terms
Descendants
- Proto-Brythonic: *töɣid
- Old Irish: tuigithir, ⇒ in·tuigethar, imm·tuigethar
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Le Mair, Esther (30 September 2011) Secondary Verbs in Old Irish: A comparative-historical study of patterns of verbal derivation in the Old Irish Glosses, Galway: National University of Ireland, page 254
- ^ Jørgensen, Anders Richardt (2008) “Middle Breton leiff, Middle Cornish ly ‘Breakfast, Lunch’”, in Keltische Forschungen, volume 3, Vienna: Praesens Verlag, pages 89-102