Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/togyā

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

From *tog- (“covering”) +‎ *-yā (action noun suffix), ultimately from the root Proto-Indo-European *(s)teg- (“to cover”).

*togyā f

1. covering
2. roof

The formation of the apparent Brittonic counterpart *toɣ is complicated and uncertain. Schrijver states that hypothetically *togyā can directly phonetically yield *toɣ m,^[1] but Gordon points out that there are o-stem compound formations in Old Irish to account for (an o-stem formation can also yield the Brittonic forms, and without gender mismatch). Gordon hence reconstructs a primary o-stem *togos to yield both the Old Irish o-stem formations and the Brittonic derivates, onto which *-yā is further suffixed to create *togyā.^[2]

• *uɸertogyā

• Old Irish: tugae, tuige
  • Middle Irish: tuga
    • Irish: tuí (“thatch”)
    • Scottish Gaelic: tugha (“thatch”)
    • Manx: thoo, too
• Celtiberian: togias (gen. sg.)