Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/īsarnom

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ēsh₂r̥no- (“bloody, red”), from *h₁ésh₂r̥ (“blood”),^[1] but the long ē (which regularly became ī in Proto-Celtic) is unexplained. A connection with *ish₂ros (“supernatural, holy”) (compare Ancient Greek ἱερός (hierós, “supernatural, holy”), Sanskrit इषिर (iṣira, “refreshing”)) is also possible, though here too the long ī (which is confirmed by the Proto-Germanic loanword *īsarną) is unexplained.^[2]

*īsarnom n

1. iron

• Proto-Brythonic: *hijarn (< *hiarno- < *iharno- by metathesis)^[3]
  • Old Breton: hoiarn
    • Middle Breton: houarnn
      • Breton: houarn
  • Old Cornish: hoern
    • Cornish: horn
  • Middle Welsh: haearn
    • Welsh: haearn
• Old Irish: íarn
  • Irish: iarann
  • Manx: yiarn
  • Scottish Gaelic: iarann
• Gaulish: Isarnus (proper name)
• → Proto-Germanic: *īsarną (see there for further descendants)