Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/-nut
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This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
The final *-Ut may be the same as the adjectival suffix *-ut, and possibly also be shared with *-ttu, especially if it was originally *-t'ut as more recent evidence would suggest. If so, the suffix is *-n(V)-ut. The origin of the initial part is not known, but it is not impossible that it is simply, or is related to, the suffix *-na, either in the locative or diminutive sense, or to the genitive ending *-n (the Uralic genitive ending may have had multiple uses as an adjectival and adverbial suffix).
Suffix
*-nut / *-nüt
- (having) -ed; forms the past (active) participle, which is used as an adjective.
Inflection
Inflection of *-nut
| Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | |||
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *-nut | *-nudët | |
| accusative | *-nudën | *-nudët | |
| genitive | *-nudën | *-nut'ën *-nucidën | |
| partitive | *-nutta | *-nucida | |
| inessive | *-nudëssa *-nudëhna |
*-nucissa *-nucihna | |
| elative | *-nudësta | *-nucista | |
| illative | *-nutëhën | *-nucihën | |
| adessive | *-nudëlla | *-nucilla | |
| ablative | *-nudëlta | *-nucilta | |
| allative | *-nutëlën *-nutëlëk |
*-nucilën *-nucilëk | |
| essive | *-nunna | *-nucina | |
| translative | *-nudëksi | *-nuciksi | |
| instructive | *-nudën | *-nucin | |
| comitative | *-nunnëk | *-nucinëk | |
| abessive | *-nudëtta | *-nucitta | |
Usage notes
- After verb stems ending in *-l-, *-n-, *-r- or *-s-, the suffix is assimilated to the preceding consonant (*tul(ë)- → *tullut, *pakën(ë)- → *pagënnut).
- After verb stems ending in *-t- (including *-d-), the suffix assimilates the consonant (*haukkaid(a)- → *hauk'ainnut).
Descendants
- Estonian: -nud
- Finnish: -nut
- Ingrian: -nt, -nut
- Karelian:
- Livonian: -nd, -n
- Livvi: -nuh
- Ludian: -nu
- Veps: -nud
- Võro: -nuq
- Votic: -nu, -nud, (dialectal, Western Votic) -nnu, (dialectal, Eastern Votic) -nnug
- ^ Merlijn de Smit, Proto-Uralic primary argument case-marking