Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/tuldak
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This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
From Proto-Uralic *tole-. One of the words where earlier *o was raised to *u in an open syllable (cf. *lome (“snow”), *pore- (“to bite”)).
Verb
- to come
Inflection
Inflection of *tuldak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *tulën | *tulin | — | *tulgon |
| 2nd sing. | *tulët | *tulit | *tulëk | *tulgos |
| 3rd sing. | *tulëbi *tuli |
*tuli | *tulkahën | *tulkohën |
| 1st plur. | *tulëkmëk *tulëkmak |
*tulimëk *tulimak |
*tulkadëmëk *tulkadamak |
*tulkodëmëk *tulkodamak |
| 2nd plur. | *tulëktëk *tulëktak |
*tulidëk *tulidak |
*tulkadë *tulkada |
*tulgot'ëk *tulkodadak |
| 3rd plur. | *tulëbat *tuli |
*tuli | *tulkahën | *tulkohën |
| passive | *tulëksën *tulët'aksën |
*tultihën *tulëttisën |
*tultagasën *tulëttakahën |
*tultagosën *tulëttakohën |
| connegative | *tulëk | — | *tulgak | *tulgok |
| passive connegative | *tulëktak | — | *tultagak *tulëttagak |
*tultagok *tulëttagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *tulëkcin | *tulicin | *tullën | |
| 2nd sing. | *tulëkcit | *tulicit | *tullët | |
| 3rd sing. | *tulëkci | *tulici | *tulli | |
| 1st plur. | *tulëkcimëk *tulëkcimak |
*tulicimëk *tulicimak |
*tullëmëk *tullëmak | |
| 2nd plur. | *tulëkcidëk *tulëkcidak |
*tulicidëk *tulicidak |
*tullëdëk *tullëdak | |
| 3rd plur. | *tulëkci | *tulici | *tulli | |
| passive | *tuldakcisën *tulët'akcihën |
*tulticisën *tulëtticihën |
*tultanësën *tulëttanëhën | |
| connegative | *tulëkcik | *tulicik | *tullëk | |
| passive connegative | *tuldakcik *tulët'akcik |
*tulticik *tulëtticik |
*tultanëk *tulëttanëk | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *tuldak | present | *tulëba | *tultaba *tulëttapa |
| infinitive 2 | *tultë- | past | *tullut | *tultu *tulëttu |
| gerund/supine | *tulëma | |||
| action noun | *tulëminen | |||
Descendants
- Estonian: tulema/tulla
- Finnish: tulla
- Ingrian: tulla
- Karelian: tulla
- Livvi: tulla
- Livonian: tūlda
- Ludian: tulda
- Veps: tulda
- Võro: tulõma/tullaq
- Votic: tullõ