tūlda

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See also: tulda

Livonian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *tuldak, from Proto-Uralic *tole-.[1] Compare Estonian tulema.

Pronunciation

Verb

tūlda

  1. (intransitive) to come, arrive, show up
    • Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
      se brik um tund Sīkrõgõl aigõ
      this brig has come to Sīkrags' coast
      sǟl um seļļi aerodrōm, kus tulbõd mōzõ ne helikopterõd
      there is this aerodrome where these helicopters land (lit. come to ground)
      sa tulād neiku salāj īezõ
      you come like a thief in the night
      tulgid, neitsõd, vaņțlõmõ!
      come, maidens, behold!
      ta tuļ ulzõ tūlõ
      he came out in the wind
      alā tul min sīlma alā!
      don't come near me / I don't ever want to see you again! (lit. don't come in my eyes!)
      kunā tēg tultõ?
      when will you come? (lit. when do you come?)
  2. (intransitive) to come (open, undone, etc.), give in, move
  3. (intransitive) to (start to) charge at (someone), overwhelm
  4. (intransitive) to come out, end up being (a certain quality)

Conjugation

Conjugation of tūlda (11)
singular (ikšlug) plural (pǟgiņlug)
1st person
(ežmi pärsōn) 		2nd person
(tuoi pärsōn) 		3rd person
(kuolmõz pärsōn) 		1st person
(ežmi pärsōn) 		2nd person
(tuoi pärsōn) 		3rd person
(kuolmõz pärsōn)
indicative ma sa ta mēg tēg ne
present
(paldīņāiga) 		tulāb tulād tulāb tulmõ tult tulbõd
past
(lǟndāiga) 		tuļ tuļt tuļ tuļmõ tuļtõ tuļtõ
future
perfect 		līb tund līd tund līb tund līm(õ) tunnõd līt(õ) tunnõd lībõd tunnõd
indicative
negative 		ma sa ta mēg tēg ne
present
(paldīņāiga) 		äb tul äd tul äb tul äb tulmõ ät tultõ äb tultõ
past
(lǟndāiga) 		iz tul izt tul iz tul iz tulmõ izt tultõ izt tultõ
future
perfect 		äb lī tund äd lī tund äb lī tund äb līm(õ) tunnõd ät līt(õ) tunnõd äb līt(õ) tunnõd
imperative — (sa) — (mēg) (tēg) —
—1 tul! —1 (tulgõm!)2 tulgid! —1
imperative
negative 		— (sa) — (mēg) (tēg) —
—3 alā tul! —3 (algõm tulgõm!)2 algid tulgid! —3
conditional ma sa ta mēg tēg ne
tulks tulkst tulks tulksmõ tulkstõ tulkstõ
conditional
negative 		ma sa ta mēg tēg ne
äb tulks äd tulkst äb tulks äb tulksmõ ät tulkstõ äb tulkstõ
jussive ma sa ta mēg tēg ne
tulgõ tulgõ tulgõ tulgõd tulgõd tulgõd
jussive
negative 		ma sa ta mēg tēg ne
algõ tulgõ algõ tulgõ algõ tulgõ algõd tulgõd algõd tulgõd algõd tulgõd
quotative ma sa ta mēg tēg ne
tuļļi tuļļi tuļļi tuļļid tuļļid tuļļid
debitive minnõn sinnõn tämmõn mäddõn täddõn näntõn
um tulmõst um tulmõst um tulmõst um tulmõst um tulmõst um tulmõst
infinitive tūlda
gerund tuldsõ
supine tulmõ
supine abessive tulmõt
active participle tund
passive participle tuldõd

1imperative-like constructions possible with laz (“so that”) + jussive: laz ma/ta tulgõ, laz ne tulgõd
2rare, using indicative present more common, laz + jussive construction possible: laz mēg tulgõd

3possible to imply an indirect request by using jussive negative: algõ ma/ta tulgõ, algõd ne tulgõd

References

  1. ^ “tulema”, in Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
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