Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/aika
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This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
Two Germanic etyma have been proposed, but it is not certain which one is correct, if either:
- The first theory posits a borrowing from Proto-Germanic *aiwaz (“long time, age, eternity”). The *w > *k is not entirely regular, but multiple explanations have been put forward (such as analogous gradation and a comparison with *raaka < *hrawaz and *narka < *narwaz). LÄGLOS however considers derivation from *aiwaz to be unlikely,[1] although later support has been expressed by Schalin (2019).[2]
- Alternatively, according to Hyllested (2014), from earlier *ajeka and borrowed from Proto-Germanic *ajuka- (“time, eternity”) (related to Proto-Germanic *ajukiz);[3] for medial *ajeC > *aiC, parallels exist in *aisa (< *ajesa), *kaikki (< *kajekki) and probably *aitta (< *ajetta). This etymology is supported by Junttila (2020).[4]
Earlier proposals about a Baltic origin have been rejected.
Noun
*aika[5]
Inflection
Inflection of *aika
| Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | |||
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *aika | *aigat | |
| accusative | *aigan | *aigat | |
| genitive | *aigan | *aikadën *aikoidën | |
| partitive | *aikada | *aikoida | |
| inessive | *aigassa *aigahna |
*aigoissa *aigoihna | |
| elative | *aigasta | *aigoista | |
| illative | *aikahën | *aikoihën | |
| adessive | *aigalla | *aigoilla | |
| ablative | *aigalta | *aigoilta | |
| allative | *aikalën *aikalëk |
*aikoilën *aikoilëk | |
| essive | *aikana | *aikoina | |
| translative | *aigaksi | *aigoiksi | |
| instructive | *aigan | *aigoin | |
| comitative | *aikanëk | *aikoinëk | |
| abessive | *aigatta | *aigoitta | |
Derived terms
Descendants
- Estonian: aeg
- Finnish: aika
- Ingrian: aika
- Karelian:
- Livonian: āiga
- Livvi: aigu
- Ludian: aig
- Veps: aig
- Võro: aig
- Votic: aikõ
- → Proto-Samic: *ājkē (see there for further descendants)
References
- ^ Kylstra, A.D.; Hahmo, Sirkka-Liisa; Hofstra, Tette; Nikkilä, Otto. 1991–2012. Lexikon der älteren germanischen Lehnwörter in den ostseefinnischen Sprachen. Amsterdam: Rodopi.
- ^ Schalin, Johan: 2019 Niukka, nivo, nuiva sekä niuha, lauha ja rauha. In S. Junttila & J Kuokkala (eds.) Petri Kallio rocks : Liber semisaecularis 7.2.2019 p. 173–183. Kallion etymologiseura.
- ^ Hyllested, Adam (2014) Word Exchange at the Gates of Europe: Five Millennia of Language Contact (Thesis), Det Humanistiske Fakultet, Københavns Universitet
- ^ Junttila, Santeri. Kantasuomen balttilaislainat 1. (A-)H (2020), p. 24
- ^ Kallio, Petri (2020–) “*aika”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto [Common Finnic Vocabulary] (in Finnish)