Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hrawaz
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *krewh₂- (“raw meat, fresh blood”).
Pronunciation
Adjective
*hrawaz
Inflection
Declension of *hrawaz (a-stem)
| Strong declension | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *hrawaz | *hrawai | *hrawō | *hrawôz | *hrawą, -atō | *hrawō |
| Accusative | *hrawanǭ | *hrawanz | *hrawǭ | *hrawōz | *hrawą, -atō | *hrawō |
| Genitive | *hrawas, -is | *hrawaizǫ̂ | *hrawaizōz | *hrawaizǫ̂ | *hrawas, -is | *hrawaizǫ̂ |
| Dative | *hrawammai | *hrawaimaz | *hrawaizōi | *hrawaimaz | *hrawammai | *hrawaimaz |
| Instrumental | *hrawanō | *hrawaimiz | *hrawaizō | *hrawaimiz | *hrawanō | *hrawaimiz |
| Weak declension | ||||||
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *hrawô | *hrawaniz | *hrawǭ | *hrawōniz | *hrawô | *hrawōnō |
| Accusative | *hrawanų | *hrawanunz | *hrawōnų | *hrawōnunz | *hrawô | *hrawōnō |
| Genitive | *hrawiniz | *hrawanǫ̂ | *hrawōniz | *hrawōnǫ̂ | *hrawiniz | *hrawanǫ̂ |
| Dative | *hrawini | *hrawammaz | *hrawōni | *hrawōmaz | *hrawini | *hrawammaz |
| Instrumental | *hrawinē | *hrawammiz | *hrawōnē | *hrawōmiz | *hrawinē | *hrawammiz |
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *hrau
- Old Norse: hrár
- → Proto-Finnic: *raaka
Further reading
- Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
- ^ Jens Elmegård Rasmussen, Germanic Verschärfung, in Historical Linguistics, 1987: Papers from the 8th International Conference (discusses *hrawaz, its PIE etymon *krewh₂- which it notates *kreu̯h₂-, the OE and OS and ON descendants, and the borrowing by Finnish - "the Finnish loanword raaka "raw" has a long /ā/ and appears to have been borrowed from a Northwest Germanic form ")