Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/cuk'ëldak
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This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
Possibly from sound-symbolic root + *-(e)ldak.
Verb
*cuk'ëldak (stem *cukkëlë-)[1]
Inflection
Inflection of *cuk'ëldak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *cukkëlën | *cukkëlin | — | *cuk'ëlgon |
| 2nd sing. | *cukkëlët | *cukkëlit | *cukkëlëk | *cuk'ëlgos |
| 3rd sing. | *cukkëlëpi *cuk'ël |
*cukkëli | *cuk'ëlkasën | *cuk'ëlkosën |
| 1st plur. | *cukkëlëkmëk *cukkëlëkmak |
*cukkëlimëk *cukkëlimak |
*cuk'ëlkatëmëk *cuk'ëlkatamak |
*cuk'ëlkotëmëk *cuk'ëlkotamak |
| 2nd plur. | *cukkëlëktëk *cukkëlëktak |
*cukkëlidëk *cukkëlidak |
*cuk'ëlkatë *cuk'ëlkata |
*cuk'ëlgot'ëk *cuk'ëlkotadak |
| 3rd plur. | *cukkëlëbat *cuk'ël |
*cukkëli | *cuk'ëlkasën | *cuk'ëlkosën |
| passive | *cukkëlëksën *cukkëlët'aksën |
*cuk'ëltisën *cukkëlëttihën |
*cuk'ëltakahën *cukkëlëttagasën |
*cuk'ëltakohën *cukkëlëttagosën |
| connegative | *cukkëlëk | — | *cuk'ëlgak | *cuk'ëlgok |
| passive connegative | *cukkëlëktak | — | *cuk'ëltagak *cukkëlëttagak |
*cuk'ëltagok *cukkëlëttagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *cukkëlëkcin | *cukkëlicin | *cuk'ëllën | |
| 2nd sing. | *cukkëlëkcit | *cukkëlicit | *cuk'ëllët | |
| 3rd sing. | *cukkëlëkci | *cukkëlici | *cuk'ëlli | |
| 1st plur. | *cukkëlëkcimëk *cukkëlëkcimak |
*cukkëlicimëk *cukkëlicimak |
*cuk'ëllëmëk *cuk'ëllëmak | |
| 2nd plur. | *cukkëlëkcidëk *cukkëlëkcidak |
*cukkëlicidëk *cukkëlicidak |
*cuk'ëllëdëk *cuk'ëllëdak | |
| 3rd plur. | *cukkëlëkci | *cukkëlici | *cuk'ëlli | |
| passive | *cuk'ëldakcihën *cukkëlët'akcisën |
*cuk'ëlticihën *cukkëlëtticisën |
*cuk'ëltanëhën *cukkëlëttanësën | |
| connegative | *cukkëlëkcik | *cukkëlicik | *cuk'ëllëk | |
| passive connegative | *cuk'ëldakcik *cukkëlët'akcik |
*cuk'ëlticik *cukkëlëtticik |
*cuk'ëltanëk *cukkëlëttanëk | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *cuk'ëldak | present | *cukkëlëpa | *cuk'ëltapa *cukkëlëttaba |
| infinitive 2 | *cuk'ëltë- | past | *cuk'ëllut | *cuk'ëltu *cukkëlëttu |
| gerund/supine | *cukkëlëma | |||
| action noun | *cukkëlëminen | |||
Descendants
- Estonian: suplema/supelda
- Finnish: ⇒ sukeltaa
- Karelian: ⇒
- Livvi: ⇒ čukeldua
- Ludian: ⇒ čukelduda, čukelzuda
- Veps: ⇒ čuklahtada
- Võro: tsuklõma/tsukõldaq
References
- ^ Kallio, Petri (2020–) “*cukkë-lë-”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto [Common Finnic Vocabulary] (in Finnish)
Further reading
- Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “sukeltaa”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN