Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/-ldak
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This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
From Proto-Uralic *-le-. Cognates include Proto-Samic *-ëlëtēk, Proto-Mordvinic *-ĺə, Proto-Permic *-alni, Hungarian -l. In Finnic, the suffix consistently induces a stem vowel change *-A- > *-e-; this appears to be some kind of a regular change also found with some other suffixes, such as the comparative suffix *-mpi (see for more) and the translative verb suffix *-t'ak.
Suffix
*-ldak / *-ldäk (stem *-lë- / *-le-)
- Forms frequentative verbs.
Inflection
Inflection of *-ldak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *-len | *-lin | — | *-lgon |
| 2nd sing. | *-let | *-lit | *-lek | *-lgos |
| 3rd sing. | *-lepi *-l |
*-li | *-lkasën | *-lkosën |
| 1st plur. | *-lekmëk *-lekmak |
*-limëk *-limak |
*-lkatëmëk *-lkatamak |
*-lkotëmëk *-lkotamak |
| 2nd plur. | *-lektëk *-lektak |
*-lidëk *-lidak |
*-lkatë *-lkata |
*-lgot'ëk *-lkotadak |
| 3rd plur. | *-lebat *-l |
*-li | *-lkasën | *-lkosën |
| passive | *-leksën *-let'aksën |
*-ltisën *-lettihën |
*-ltakahën *-lettagasën |
*-ltakohën *-lettagosën |
| connegative | *-lek | — | *-lgak | *-lgok |
| passive connegative | *-lektak | — | *-ltagak *-lettagak |
*-ltagok *-lettagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *-lekcin | *-licin | *-llën | |
| 2nd sing. | *-lekcit | *-licit | *-llët | |
| 3rd sing. | *-lekci | *-lici | *-lli | |
| 1st plur. | *-lekcimëk *-lekcimak |
*-licimëk *-licimak |
*-llëmëk *-llëmak | |
| 2nd plur. | *-lekcidëk *-lekcidak |
*-licidëk *-licidak |
*-llëdëk *-llëdak | |
| 3rd plur. | *-lekci | *-lici | *-lli | |
| passive | *-ldakcihën *-let'akcisën |
*-lticihën *-letticisën |
*-ltanëhën *-lettanësën | |
| connegative | *-lekcik | *-licik | *-llëk | |
| passive connegative | *-ldakcik *-let'akcik |
*-lticik *-letticik |
*-ltanëk *-lettanëk | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *-ldak | present | *-lepa | *-ltapa *-lettaba |
| infinitive 2 | *-ltë- | past | *-llut | *-ltu *-lettu |
| gerund/supine | *-lema | |||
| action noun | *-leminen | |||