Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/jut'ëldak
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This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
Verb
*jut'ëldak (stem *juttëlë-)
Inflection
Inflection of *jut'ëldak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *juttëlën | *juttëlin | — | *jut'ëlgon |
| 2nd sing. | *juttëlët | *juttëlit | *juttëlëk | *jut'ëlgos |
| 3rd sing. | *juttëlëpi *jut'ël |
*juttëli | *jut'ëlkasën | *jut'ëlkosën |
| 1st plur. | *juttëlëkmëk *juttëlëkmak |
*juttëlimëk *juttëlimak |
*jut'ëlkatëmëk *jut'ëlkatamak |
*jut'ëlkotëmëk *jut'ëlkotamak |
| 2nd plur. | *juttëlëktëk *juttëlëktak |
*juttëlidëk *juttëlidak |
*jut'ëlkatë *jut'ëlkata |
*jut'ëlgot'ëk *jut'ëlkotadak |
| 3rd plur. | *juttëlëbat *jut'ël |
*juttëli | *jut'ëlkasën | *jut'ëlkosën |
| passive | *juttëlëksën *juttëlët'aksën |
*jut'ëltisën *juttëlëttihën |
*jut'ëltakahën *juttëlëttagasën |
*jut'ëltakohën *juttëlëttagosën |
| connegative | *juttëlëk | — | *jut'ëlgak | *jut'ëlgok |
| passive connegative | *juttëlëktak | — | *jut'ëltagak *juttëlëttagak |
*jut'ëltagok *juttëlëttagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *juttëlëkcin | *juttëlicin | *jut'ëllën | |
| 2nd sing. | *juttëlëkcit | *juttëlicit | *jut'ëllët | |
| 3rd sing. | *juttëlëkci | *juttëlici | *jut'ëlli | |
| 1st plur. | *juttëlëkcimëk *juttëlëkcimak |
*juttëlicimëk *juttëlicimak |
*jut'ëllëmëk *jut'ëllëmak | |
| 2nd plur. | *juttëlëkcidëk *juttëlëkcidak |
*juttëlicidëk *juttëlicidak |
*jut'ëllëdëk *jut'ëllëdak | |
| 3rd plur. | *juttëlëkci | *juttëlici | *jut'ëlli | |
| passive | *jut'ëldakcihën *juttëlët'akcisën |
*jut'ëlticihën *juttëlëtticisën |
*jut'ëltanëhën *juttëlëttanësën | |
| connegative | *juttëlëkcik | *juttëlicik | *jut'ëllëk | |
| passive connegative | *jut'ëldakcik *juttëlët'akcik |
*jut'ëlticik *juttëlëtticik |
*jut'ëltanëk *juttëlëttanëk | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *jut'ëldak | present | *juttëlëpa | *jut'ëltapa *juttëlëttaba |
| infinitive 2 | *jut'ëltë- | past | *jut'ëllut | *jut'ëltu *juttëlëttu |
| gerund/supine | *juttëlëma | |||
| action noun | *juttëlëminen | |||
Descendants
- Estonian: ütlema/ütelda, (obsolete) jütlema/jütelda
- Finnish: jutella
- Ingrian: jutella
- Livonian: jutlõ
- Livvi: jutella
- Võro: ütlemä/üteldäq
- Votic: jutõllõ
Further reading
- Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “jutella”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN