Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kiukasa

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Univerbation of *kivi (“stone”) +‎ *kasa (“pile”), with the first part being shortened. Most descendants shorten the second part as well, turning the word into an *-as-stem (either with or without consonant gradation of *-k-), in eastern varieties further generalized into an unalternating aa-stem.

Many sources assert instead *kota as the original second element, but Ylikoski (2016) argues that this does not match almost any of the descendants, and shows that no detailed argument for this reconstruction has ever been given. Pahomov (2017) on the contrary insists that some eastern Finnic words, such as Veps küudug and Ludian kiudug, do descend from this via regular metathesis, through the development *kiukuδa > *kivikota.

*kiukasa

1. stove in a sauna

As if from *kiuk'as:

• Finnish: (Southern Ostrobothnia) kiukas
• Votic: (Mati) tšiukaz

As if from *kiugas:

• (standard) Finnish: kiuas
  • → Northern Sami: givgás, givggis
  • → Inari Sami: kivkkâhâš
• Votic:
  • Kukkuzi: kiugas

As if from *kiukaha:

• Finnish: (Eastern) kiukua (“kiukuva”)
  • → Karelian: (Northern) kiukua, (Southern) kiugua
• Ingrian: kiukaa

• Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), Suomen sanojen alkuperä‎ (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
• Ylikoski, Jussi. 2016. "Suomen kiuas, karjalan kiukua ja havaintoja etymologian tutkimusperinteestä". — Sananjalka 58: 7–23.
• Pahomov, Miikul. 2017. Lyydiläiskysymys: Kansa vai heimo, kieli vai murre? - Helsingin yliopisto & Lyydiläinen Seura. pp. 185

• Ludic: kiudug
• Veps: küudug