Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kustak
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This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
From Proto-Uralic *kuńśe-.
Verb
*kustak (stem *kusë-)
- to urinate
Inflection
Inflection of *kustak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *kusën | *kusin | — | *kuskon |
| 2nd sing. | *kusët | *kusit | *kusëk | *kuskos |
| 3rd sing. | *kusëbi *kusi |
*kusi | *kuskahën | *kuskohën |
| 1st plur. | *kusëkmëk *kusëkmak |
*kusimëk *kusimak |
*kuskadëmëk *kuskadamak |
*kuskodëmëk *kuskodamak |
| 2nd plur. | *kusëktëk *kusëktak |
*kusidëk *kusidak |
*kuskadë *kuskada |
*kuskot'ëk *kuskodadak |
| 3rd plur. | *kusëbat *kusi |
*kusi | *kuskahën | *kuskohën |
| passive | *kusëksën *kusët'aksën |
*kustihën *kusëttisën |
*kustagasën *kusëttakahën |
*kustagosën *kusëttakohën |
| connegative | *kusëk | — | *kuskak | *kuskok |
| passive connegative | *kusëktak | — | *kustagak *kusëttagak |
*kustagok *kusëttagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *kusëkcin | *kusicin | *kussën | |
| 2nd sing. | *kusëkcit | *kusicit | *kussët | |
| 3rd sing. | *kusëkci | *kusici | *kussi | |
| 1st plur. | *kusëkcimëk *kusëkcimak |
*kusicimëk *kusicimak |
*kussëmëk *kussëmak | |
| 2nd plur. | *kusëkcidëk *kusëkcidak |
*kusicidëk *kusicidak |
*kussëdëk *kussëdak | |
| 3rd plur. | *kusëkci | *kusici | *kussi | |
| passive | *kustakcisën *kusët'akcihën |
*kusticisën *kusëtticihën |
*kustanësën *kusëttanëhën | |
| connegative | *kusëkcik | *kusicik | *kussëk | |
| passive connegative | *kustakcik *kusët'akcik |
*kusticik *kusëtticik |
*kustanëk *kusëttanëk | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *kustak | present | *kusëba | *kustaba *kusëttapa |
| infinitive 2 | *kustë- | past | *kussut | *kustu *kusëttu |
| gerund/supine | *kusëma | |||
| action noun | *kusëminen | |||
Descendants
- Estonian: kusema/kusta
- Finnish: kusta
- Ingrian: kussa
- Karelian:
- Livonian: ku’zzõ
- Livvi: kusta
- Ludian: kusta
- Veps: kusta
- Võro: kusõma/kustaq
- Votic: kussõ
Further reading
- Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “kusi”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN