Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/nitodak
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This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
From earlier *nita- + *-odak, from Proto-Finno-Permic *ńida-, possibly borrowed from an Indo-European language (compare Sanskrit नह्यति (nahyati, “to tie, bind”)). Cognates include Proto-Samic *ńëδētēk, Erzya недямс (ńeďams).
Verb
*nitodak (stem *nito-)
Inflection
Inflection of *nitodak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *nidon | *nidoin | — | *nitogon |
| 2nd sing. | *nidot | *nidoit | *nidok | *nitogos |
| 3rd sing. | *nitobi *nito |
*nitoi | *nitogasën | *nitogosën |
| 1st plur. | *nidokmëk *nidokmak |
*nitoimëk *nitoimak |
*nitogatëmëk *nitogatamak |
*nitogotëmëk *nitogotamak |
| 2nd plur. | *nidoktëk *nidoktak |
*nitoidëk *nitoidak |
*nitogatë *nitogata |
*nitogot'ëk *nitogotadak |
| 3rd plur. | *nitobat *nito |
*nitoi | *nitogasën | *nitogosën |
| passive | *nidoksën *nidot'aksën |
*nitodisën *nidottisën |
*nitodakahën *nidottakahën |
*nitodakohën *nidottakohën |
| connegative | *nidok | — | *nitogak | *nitogok |
| passive connegative | *nidoktak | — | *nitodagak *nidottagak |
*nitodagok *nidottagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *nidokcin | *nitoicin | *nitonën | |
| 2nd sing. | *nidokcit | *nitoicit | *nitonët | |
| 3rd sing. | *nidokci | *nitoici | *nitoni | |
| 1st plur. | *nidokcimëk *nidokcimak |
*nitoicimëk *nitoicimak |
*nitonëmëk *nitonëmak | |
| 2nd plur. | *nidokcidëk *nidokcidak |
*nitoicidëk *nitoicidak |
*nitonëdëk *nitonëdak | |
| 3rd plur. | *nidokci | *nitoici | *nitoni | |
| passive | *nitodakcihën *nidot'akcihën |
*nitodicihën *nidotticihën |
*nitodanëhën *nidottanëhën | |
| connegative | *nidokcik | *nitoicik | *nitonëk | |
| passive connegative | *nitodakcik *nidot'akcik |
*nitodicik *nidotticik |
*nitodanëk *nidottanëk | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *nitodak | present | *nitoba | *nitodapa *nidottapa |
| infinitive 2 | *nitodë- | past | *nitonut | *nitodu *nidottu |
| gerund/supine | *nitoma | |||
| action noun | *nitominen | |||
Descendants
- Estonian: niduma/niduda
- Finnish: nitoa
- Ingrian: nittoa
- Karelian: nituo
- Livvi: niduo
- Ludian: nidoda
- Votic: (Rajo) nitoa
Further reading
- “niduma”, in Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
- Entry #1442 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.