Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/tohtidak
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This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
From Proto-Finno-Permic *tošte-, possibly from an Indo-European language, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰers-. Cognate with Proto-Samic *tuostëtēk.
Verb
Inflection
Inflection of *tohtidak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *tohtin | *tohtëjin | — | *tohtigon |
| 2nd sing. | *tohtit | *tohtëjit | *tohtik | *tohtigos |
| 3rd sing. | *tohtibi *tohti |
*tohtëji | *tohtigasën | *tohtigosën |
| 1st plur. | *tohtikmëk *tohtikmak |
*tohtëjimëk *tohtëjimak |
*tohtigatëmëk *tohtigatamak |
*tohtigotëmëk *tohtigotamak |
| 2nd plur. | *tohtiktëk *tohtiktak |
*tohtëjidëk *tohtëjidak |
*tohtigatë *tohtigata |
*tohtigot'ëk *tohtigotadak |
| 3rd plur. | *tohtibat *tohti |
*tohtëji | *tohtigasën | *tohtigosën |
| passive | *tohtiksën *tohtit'aksën |
*tohtidisën *tohtittisën |
*tohtidakahën *tohtittakahën |
*tohtidakohën *tohtittakohën |
| connegative | *tohtik | — | *tohtigak | *tohtigok |
| passive connegative | *tohtiktak | — | *tohtidagak *tohtittagak |
*tohtidagok *tohtittagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *tohtikcin | *tohtëjicin | *tohtinën | |
| 2nd sing. | *tohtikcit | *tohtëjicit | *tohtinët | |
| 3rd sing. | *tohtikci | *tohtëjici | *tohtini | |
| 1st plur. | *tohtikcimëk *tohtikcimak |
*tohtëjicimëk *tohtëjicimak |
*tohtinëmëk *tohtinëmak | |
| 2nd plur. | *tohtikcidëk *tohtikcidak |
*tohtëjicidëk *tohtëjicidak |
*tohtinëdëk *tohtinëdak | |
| 3rd plur. | *tohtikci | *tohtëjici | *tohtini | |
| passive | *tohtidakcihën *tohtit'akcihën |
*tohtidicihën *tohtitticihën |
*tohtidanëhën *tohtittanëhën | |
| connegative | *tohtikcik | *tohtëjicik | *tohtinëk | |
| passive connegative | *tohtidakcik *tohtit'akcik |
*tohtidicik *tohtitticik |
*tohtidanëk *tohtittanëk | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *tohtidak | present | *tohtiba | *tohtidapa *tohtittapa |
| infinitive 2 | *tohtidë- | past | *tohtinut | *tohtidu *tohtittu |
| gerund/supine | *tohtima | |||
| action noun | *tohtiminen | |||
Descendants
- Estonian: tohtima/tohtida
- Finnish: tohtia
- Ingrian: tohtia
- Livonian: tū’oḑõ
- Võro: toht'ma/tohtiq
- Votic: tõhtia
References
Further reading
- “tohtima”, in Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
- Entry #1653 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.