Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/vinkudak
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This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
Of onomatopoeic origin.
Verb
Inflection
Inflection of *vinkudak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *vingun | *vinguin | — | *vinkugon |
| 2nd sing. | *vingut | *vinguit | *vinguk | *vinkugos |
| 3rd sing. | *vinkubi *vinku |
*vinkui | *vinkugasën | *vinkugosën |
| 1st plur. | *vingukmëk *vingukmak |
*vinkuimëk *vinkuimak |
*vinkugatëmëk *vinkugatamak |
*vinkugotëmëk *vinkugotamak |
| 2nd plur. | *vinguktëk *vinguktak |
*vinkuidëk *vinkuidak |
*vinkugatë *vinkugata |
*vinkugot'ëk *vinkugotadak |
| 3rd plur. | *vinkubat *vinku |
*vinkui | *vinkugasën | *vinkugosën |
| passive | *vinguksën *vingut'aksën |
*vinkudisën *vinguttisën |
*vinkudakahën *vinguttakahën |
*vinkudakohën *vinguttakohën |
| connegative | *vinguk | — | *vinkugak | *vinkugok |
| passive connegative | *vinguktak | — | *vinkudagak *vinguttagak |
*vinkudagok *vinguttagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *vingukcin | *vinkuicin | *vinkunën | |
| 2nd sing. | *vingukcit | *vinkuicit | *vinkunët | |
| 3rd sing. | *vingukci | *vinkuici | *vinkuni | |
| 1st plur. | *vingukcimëk *vingukcimak |
*vinkuicimëk *vinkuicimak |
*vinkunëmëk *vinkunëmak | |
| 2nd plur. | *vingukcidëk *vingukcidak |
*vinkuicidëk *vinkuicidak |
*vinkunëdëk *vinkunëdak | |
| 3rd plur. | *vingukci | *vinkuici | *vinkuni | |
| passive | *vinkudakcihën *vingut'akcihën |
*vinkudicihën *vingutticihën |
*vinkudanëhën *vinguttanëhën | |
| connegative | *vingukcik | *vinkuicik | *vinkunëk | |
| passive connegative | *vinkudakcik *vingut'akcik |
*vinkudicik *vingutticik |
*vinkudanëk *vinguttanëk | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *vinkudak | present | *vinkuba | *vinkudapa *vinguttapa |
| infinitive 2 | *vinkudë- | past | *vinkunut | *vinkudu *vinguttu |
| gerund/supine | *vinkuma | |||
| action noun | *vinkuminen | |||
Descendants
- Estonian: vinguma/vinguda
- Finnish: vinkua
- Ingrian: vinkua
- Karelian: vinkuo
- Livonian: vingõ
- Livvi: vinguo
- Ludian: vinguda
- Veps: vinkta
- Võro: vingma/vinguq
- Votic: vinkua
References
Further reading
- “vinguma”, in Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012