Reconstruction:Proto-Georgian-Zan/ɣrma-

This Proto-Georgian-Zan entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Georgian-Zan

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European, compare Ancient Greek ὄρυγμα (órugma, “ditch, trench”).

Noun

*ɣrma-

hole, pit

Descendants

Old Georgian: ღრმაჲ (ɣrmay, “deep”)
- Georgian: ღრმა (ɣrma), რღმა (rɣma), ღმა (ɣma), რღიმე (rɣime)
Zan:
- Laz: ღორმა (ğorma)
- ⇒ Mingrelian: ინორღომა (inorɣoma, “deepening”), რღომაჯა (rɣomaǯa, “hollow tree”)
→? Old Armenian: խրամ (xram, “ditch”) (see there for further descendants)

Related terms

*ɣarda-^[1] (possibly)

References

^ Čuxua, Merab (2009) “Damaṭebiti masalebi saertokartveluri puʒe-enis leksiḳuri pondisatvis [The Additional Materials for the Commonkartvelian Proto-language Lexical Fund]”, in Kartvelur enata sṭrukṭuris saḳitxebi (in Georgian), number 10, Tbilisi: Universali, page 245 of 227–250

Klimov, G. A. (1998) Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages (Trends in linguistics. Documentation; 16), New York, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, pages 233–234
Klimov, G. A. (1994) Древнейшие индоевропеизмы картвельских языков [The Oldest Indo-Europeanisms in Kartvelian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Nasledie, →ISBN, pages 152–154
Fähnrich, Heinz, Sarǯvelaʒe, Zurab (2000) Kartvelur enata eṭimologiuri leksiḳoni [Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages] (in Georgian), 2nd edition, Tbilisi: University Press, page 518
Fähnrich, Heinz (2007) Kartwelisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch [Kartvelian Etymological Dictionary] (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.18) (in German), Leiden, Boston: Brill, pages 495–496
Starostin, S. A. (2005) “*ɣrma-”, in Kartvelian etymological database compiled on the basis of G. Klimov's and Fähnrich-Sarjveladze's etymological dictionaries of Kartvelian languages

[1] Čuxua, Merab (2009) “Damaṭebiti masalebi saertokartveluri puʒe-enis leksiḳuri pondisatvis [The Additional Materials for the Commonkartvelian Proto-language Lexical Fund]”, in Kartvelur enata sṭrukṭuris saḳitxebi (in Georgian), number 10, Tbilisi: Universali, page 245 of 227–250

[1]