Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þingijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ti-n-k-yé, cognate with Lithuanian tikėti.^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈθiŋ.ɡi.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*þingijaną^[1]

to believe, to trust
to hope

Inflection

Conjugation of *þingijaną (weak class 1)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*þingijō	*þingijaų	—	*þingijai	?
2nd singular	*þingīsi	*þingijais	*þingī	*þingijasai	*þingijaisau
3rd singular	*þingīþi	*þingijai	*þingijaþau	*þingijaþai	*þingijaiþau
1st dual	*þingijōs	*þingijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*þingijaþiz	*þingijaiþiz	*þingijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*þingijamaz	*þingijaim	—	*þingijanþai	*þingijainþau
2nd plural	*þingīþ	*þingijaiþ	*þingīþ	*þingijanþai	*þingijainþau
3rd plural	*þingijanþi	*þingijain	*þingijanþau	*þingijanþai	*þingijainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*þingidǭ	*þingidēdį̄
2nd singular	*þingidēz	*þingidēdīz
3rd singular	*þingidē	*þingidēdī
1st dual	*þingidēdū	*þingidēdīw
2nd dual	*þingidēdudiz	*þingidēdīdiz
1st plural	*þingidēdum	*þingidēdīm
2nd plural	*þingidēdud	*þingidēdīd
3rd plural	*þingidēdun	*þingidēdīn

	present	past
participles	*þingijandz	*þingidaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *þingijan
- ⇒ Old Saxon: giþingian
- ⇒ Old Dutch: giþingen
- Old High German: dingen
  - Middle High German: dingen

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*þingjan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 542

[Kroonen-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*þingjan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 542

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