Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þrangwaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative reconstructions

*þranguz

Etymology

An o-grade adjective derived from *þrinhwaną (“to press”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈθrɑŋʷ.ɡʷɑz/

Adjective

*þrangwaz

pressing; narrow; tight

Inflection

Declension of *þrangwaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*þrangwaz	*þrangwō	*þrangwą, -atō	*þrangwai	*þrangwôz	*þrangwō
accusative	*þrangwanǭ	*þrangwǭ	*þrangwą, -atō	*þrangwanz	*þrangwōz	*þrangwō
genitive	*þrangwas, -is	*þrangwaizōz	*þrangwas, -is	*þrangwaizǫ̂	*þrangwaizǫ̂	*þrangwaizǫ̂
dative	*þrangwammai	*þrangwaizōi	*þrangwammai	*þrangwaimaz	*þrangwaimaz	*þrangwaimaz
instrumental	*þrangwanō	*þrangwaizō	*þrangwanō	*þrangwaimiz	*þrangwaimiz	*þrangwaimiz

Weak declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*þrangwô	*þrangwǭ	*þrangwô	*þrangwaniz	*þrangwōniz	*þrangwōnō
accusative	*þrangwanų	*þrangwōnų	*þrangwô	*þrangwanunz	*þrangwōnunz	*þrangwōnō
genitive	*þrangwiniz	*þrangwōniz	*þrangwiniz	*þrangwanǫ̂	*þrangwōnǫ̂	*þrangwanǫ̂
dative	*þrangwini	*þrangwōni	*þrangwini	*þrangwammaz	*þrangwōmaz	*þrangwammaz
instrumental	*þrangwinē	*þrangwōnē	*þrangwinē	*þrangwammiz	*þrangwōmiz	*þrangwammiz

Related terms

*þrangwō

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *þrang, *þrangwī
- Old English: *þrang, *þrong
  - Middle English: thrang, throng
- Old Frisian: *thrang, *throng
  - Saterland Frisian: troang
  - West Frisian: trang
- Old Saxon: *thrang
  - Middle Low German: dranc, drange
    - German Low German: drang
- Old Dutch: *thrang
  - Middle Dutch: dranc
    - Dutch: drang
      - Afrikaans: drang
- Old High German: *drang
  - Middle High German: dranc, drange
    - German: drang
Old Norse: þrǫngr
- Icelandic: þröngur
- Faroese: trongur
- Norwegian:
  - Norwegian Bokmål: trang
  - Norwegian Nynorsk: trong
- Old Swedish: þranger
  - Swedish: trång
- Old Danish: thrang
  - Danish: trang
- Elfdalian: traungg
- Gutnish: tranggar
- Scanian: tránger

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*þrangwjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 544: “*þrangwa-”
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*þranʒwaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 424

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*þrangwjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 544: “*þrangwa-”

[2] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*þranʒwaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 424