Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-atjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

From Proto-Indo-European *-dyé- (verbal suffix). Cognate with Ancient Greek -άζω (-ázō).

• IPA^(key): /ɑt.jɑ.nɑ̃/

*-atjaną

1. Creates verbs from nouns and adjectives, similar to -ise.
2. Creates intensive verbs from other verbs.

Judging from the inflection of this suffix in Gothic 𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽 (kaupastēdun) and 𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌴𐌳𐌹 (kaupastēdi), the past lacked the affix -i- and was therefore inflected like a j-present. The past participle of that same Gothic verb, attested once in the form 𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌰𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌹 (kaupatidai), irregularly deviates from the rest of the past tense forms.

• *-atją
• *-itją
• *-utją

• Proto-West Germanic: *-attjan
  • Old English: -ettan
    • Middle English: thouten (“to address as 'thou'”), yeten (“to address as 'ye'”) (likely), grunten (from Old English grunnettan), spouten
      • English: yeet, grunt, fidget (possibly), spout, botch, haunt (via French)
  • Old High German: -azzen, -ezzen
    • Middle High German: -ezzen, -zen, -sen
      • German: -zen, -sen
• Old Norse: -ta
  • Icelandic: -ta
  • Faroese: -ta
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: -ta
  • Old Swedish: -ta
    • Swedish: -ta
  • Danish: -te
    • Norwegian Bokmål: -te
• Gothic: -𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (-atjan)