Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/jaatjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative reconstructions

*jētijaną^[1]

Etymology

From *ja (“yes”) +‎ *-atjaną.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈjɑ.xɑt.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*jaatjaną^[2]

to say ‘yes’, assent (to), consent, confirm, grant

Inflection

Conjugation of *jaatjaną (weak class 1 j-present)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*jaatjō	*jaatjaų	—	*jaatjai	?
2nd singular	*jaatisi	*jaatjais	*jaati	*jaatjasai	*jaatjaisau
3rd singular	*jaatiþi	*jaatjai	*jaatjaþau	*jaatjaþai	*jaatjaiþau
1st dual	*jaatjōs	*jaatjaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*jaatjaþiz	*jaatjaiþiz	*jaatjaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*jaatjamaz	*jaatjaim	—	*jaatjanþai	*jaatjainþau
2nd plural	*jaatiþ	*jaatjaiþ	*jaatiþ	*jaatjanþai	*jaatjainþau
3rd plural	*jaatjanþi	*jaatjain	*jaatjanþau	*jaatjanþai	*jaatjainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*jaastǭ	*jaastēdį̄
2nd singular	*jaastēz	*jaastēdīz
3rd singular	*jaastē	*jaastēdī
1st dual	*jaastēdū	*jaastēdīw
2nd dual	*jaastēdudiz	*jaastēdīdiz
1st plural	*jaastēdum	*jaastēdīm
2nd plural	*jaastēdud	*jaastēdīd
3rd plural	*jaastēdun	*jaastēdīn

	present	past
participles	*jaatjandz	*jaatidaz

Antonyms

*niitjaną

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *jaattjan, *jāttjan
- Old English: ġēatan
  - Middle English: ȝeaten, ȝaten, yeten
- Old Frisian: gēta, gāta
  - ⇒? Saterland Frisian: bijeedje
  - ⇒? West Frisian: itigje, ytsje
- Old Dutch: *jāetten, *jātten, *jāten
  - ⇒? Middle Dutch: jaet (adverb, particle, interjection)
- Old High German: jāezzen, jāzen
  - Middle High German: jāzen
    - ⇒ Middle High German: bejāzen
    - ⇒ Middle High German: verjāzen, verjāgen
  - ⇒ Old High German: gijāezzen, gijāzen
Old Norse: játa, játta
- Icelandic: játa
- Faroese: játta
- Norwegian Nynorsk: jata, jatta
- Old Swedish: iǣt(t)a, iāt(t)a
- Old Danish: jate
  - Danish: jætte, jatte; ⇒ forjætte
    - Norwegian Bokmål: jatte; forjette

References

^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*jētjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 206
^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*jehan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 272: “*jahatjan-”

[1] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*jētjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 206

[2] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*jehan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 272: “*jahatjan-”

[1]

[2]