Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/argijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *argaz (“unworthy, cowardly”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɑr.ɣi.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*argijaną

to spoil, to ruin
to make into a coward

Inflection

Conjugation of *argijaną (weak class 1)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*argijō	*argijaų	—	*argijai	?
2nd singular	*argīsi	*argijais	*argī	*argijasai	*argijaisau
3rd singular	*argīþi	*argijai	*argijaþau	*argijaþai	*argijaiþau
1st dual	*argijōs	*argijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*argijaþiz	*argijaiþiz	*argijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*argijamaz	*argijaim	—	*argijanþai	*argijainþau
2nd plural	*argīþ	*argijaiþ	*argīþ	*argijanþai	*argijainþau
3rd plural	*argijanþi	*argijain	*argijanþau	*argijanþai	*argijainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*argidǭ	*argidēdį̄
2nd singular	*argidēz	*argidēdīz
3rd singular	*argidē	*argidēdī
1st dual	*argidēdū	*argidēdīw
2nd dual	*argidēdudiz	*argidēdīdiz
1st plural	*argidēdum	*argidēdīm
2nd plural	*argidēdud	*argidēdīd
3rd plural	*argidēdun	*argidēdīn

	present	past
participles	*argijandz	*argidaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *argijan
- Old Saxon: *ergian
  - Middle Low German: ergen
- Old Dutch: *ergen
  - Middle Dutch: ergen, argen
    - Dutch: ergen, argen (obsolete or dialectal)
      - Afrikaans: erg
- Old High German: *ergen
  - Middle High German: ergen
Old Norse: *ergja (only attested in the passive, ergjask (“to become a coward”))
- Icelandic: ergja

References

^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*arʒjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 23

[HGE-1] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*arʒjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 23