Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/baidijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *bīdaną (“to wait”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈbɑi̯.ði.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*baidijaną^[1]^[2]

to force, compel, demand
to constrain, cause to stay

Inflection

Conjugation of *baidijaną (weak class 1)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*baidijō	*baidijaų	—	*baidijai	?
2nd singular	*baidīsi	*baidijais	*baidī	*baidijasai	*baidijaisau
3rd singular	*baidīþi	*baidijai	*baidijaþau	*baidijaþai	*baidijaiþau
1st dual	*baidijōs	*baidijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*baidijaþiz	*baidijaiþiz	*baidijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*baidijamaz	*baidijaim	—	*baidijanþai	*baidijainþau
2nd plural	*baidīþ	*baidijaiþ	*baidīþ	*baidijanþai	*baidijainþau
3rd plural	*baidijanþi	*baidijain	*baidijanþau	*baidijanþai	*baidijainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*baididǭ	*baididēdį̄
2nd singular	*baididēz	*baididēdīz
3rd singular	*baididē	*baididēdī
1st dual	*baididēdū	*baididēdīw
2nd dual	*baididēdudiz	*baididēdīdiz
1st plural	*baididēdum	*baididēdīm
2nd plural	*baididēdud	*baididēdīd
3rd plural	*baididēdun	*baididēdīn

	present	past
participles	*baidijandz	*baididaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *baidijan
- Old English: bǣdan
- Old Saxon: bēdian
- Old Dutch: beidan
  - Middle Dutch: beiden
    - Dutch: beiden
- Old High German: beiten
  - Middle High German: beiten
Old Norse: beiða
- Icelandic: beiða
- Faroese: beiða
- Old Swedish: bēþa
  - ⇒ Old Swedish: bēþas (from passive)
    - Swedish: bedas
Gothic: 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (baidjan)
→ Proto-Finnic:
- Finnish: paidata
- Ingrian: paijata

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*baidjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 47
^ Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*baiđjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 32

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*baidjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 47

[2] Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*baiđjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 32

[1]

[2]

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/baidijaną

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