Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bruzdijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *bruzdaz (“point, spike, thorn”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈbruz.di.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*bruzdijaną^[1]

to prick, point

Inflection

Conjugation of *bruzdijaną (weak class 1)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*bruzdijō	*bruzdijaų	—	*bruzdijai	?
2nd singular	*bruzdīsi	*bruzdijais	*bruzdī	*bruzdijasai	*bruzdijaisau
3rd singular	*bruzdīþi	*bruzdijai	*bruzdijaþau	*bruzdijaþai	*bruzdijaiþau
1st dual	*bruzdijōs	*bruzdijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*bruzdijaþiz	*bruzdijaiþiz	*bruzdijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*bruzdijamaz	*bruzdijaim	—	*bruzdijanþai	*bruzdijainþau
2nd plural	*bruzdīþ	*bruzdijaiþ	*bruzdīþ	*bruzdijanþai	*bruzdijainþau
3rd plural	*bruzdijanþi	*bruzdijain	*bruzdijanþau	*bruzdijanþai	*bruzdijainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*bruzdidǭ	*bruzdidēdį̄
2nd singular	*bruzdidēz	*bruzdidēdīz
3rd singular	*bruzdidē	*bruzdidēdī
1st dual	*bruzdidēdū	*bruzdidēdīw
2nd dual	*bruzdidēdudiz	*bruzdidēdīdiz
1st plural	*bruzdidēdum	*bruzdidēdīm
2nd plural	*bruzdidēdud	*bruzdidēdīd
3rd plural	*bruzdidēdun	*bruzdidēdīn

	present	past
participles	*bruzdijandz	*bruzdidaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *bruʀdijan
- Old English: bryrdan
- Old High German: *brurten
  - ⇒ Old High German: anabrurten
  - ⇒ Old High German: entibrurten
    - ⇒ Old High German: gientibrurten
Old Norse: brydda
- Icelandic: brydda

References

^ Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*bruzđjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 59

[1] Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*bruzđjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 59

[1]

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bruzdijaną

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