Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dangijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative reconstructions

*dangwijaną

Etymology

From *dingwaną +‎ *-janą; apparently with delabialization of -gw- caused by following what was originally a round vowel and coming before the suffix -j-.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈdɑŋ.ɡi.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*dangijaną

to beat, hit

Inflection

Conjugation of *dangijaną (weak class 1)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*dangijō	*dangijaų	—	*dangijai	?
2nd singular	*dangīsi	*dangijais	*dangī	*dangijasai	*dangijaisau
3rd singular	*dangīþi	*dangijai	*dangijaþau	*dangijaþai	*dangijaiþau
1st dual	*dangijōs	*dangijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*dangijaþiz	*dangijaiþiz	*dangijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*dangijamaz	*dangijaim	—	*dangijanþai	*dangijainþau
2nd plural	*dangīþ	*dangijaiþ	*dangīþ	*dangijanþai	*dangijainþau
3rd plural	*dangijanþi	*dangijain	*dangijanþau	*dangijanþai	*dangijainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*dangidǭ	*dangidēdį̄
2nd singular	*dangidēz	*dangidēdīz
3rd singular	*dangidē	*dangidēdī
1st dual	*dangidēdū	*dangidēdīw
2nd dual	*dangidēdudiz	*dangidēdīdiz
1st plural	*dangidēdum	*dangidēdīm
2nd plural	*dangidēdud	*dangidēdīd
3rd plural	*dangidēdun	*dangidēdīn

	present	past
participles	*dangijandz	*dangidaz

Derived terms

*dangalaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *dangijan
- Old English: denċġan, denġan
  - Middle English: dingen
    - English: dinge
- Old High German: *tengen
  - Middle High German: tengen
Old Norse: dengja
- Icelandic: dengja
- Faroese: deingja
- Old Swedish: dængia
  - Swedish: dänga
- Elfdalian: daindja
→ Proto-Samic: *tāmčëtēk (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*đanʒwjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 68
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “dangjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 88

[Orel-1] Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*đanʒwjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 68

[Kroonen-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “dangjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 88