Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/drangijaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *dregʰ-.^[1] Cognate with Proto-Slavic *drǫgъ, Proto-Celtic *dringeti (“to climb”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈdrɑŋ.ɡi.jɑz/

Noun

*drangijaz m

stake; staff; crutch; support
man; servant

Inflection

masculine ja-stemDeclension of *drangijaz (masculine ja-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*drangijaz	drangijōz, drangijōs
vocative	*drangī	drangijōz, drangijōs
accusative	*drangiją	*drangijanz
genitive	drangijas, drangīs	*drangijǫ̂
dative	*drangijai	*drangijamaz
instrumental	*drangijō	*drangijamiz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *drangī
- Old English: dreng, drench
  - Middle English: dreng, dranch, dring, dringch, ðring
    - → Medieval Latin: drengus
      - → English: dreng, drenge
    - >? Scots: dring
- Old Frisian: *dreng
  - North Frisian: dräng, dring (possibly borrowed from Danish)
Old Norse: drengr
- Icelandic: drengur
- Faroese: drongur
- Norwegian Nynorsk: dreng; (dialectal) draing
- Norwegian Bokmål: dreng
- Old Swedish: drænger
  - Swedish: dräng
    - → Northern Sami: reaŋga
    - → Finnish: renki
- Danish: dreng
  - → North Frisian: dräng, dring

References

Guus Kroonen (2013) “*dranga”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 99-100

^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “252-55”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 252-55

[1] Pokorny, Julius (1959) “252-55”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 252-55

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