Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/frīdijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *frīdaz (“beloved; beautiful”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɸriː.ði.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*frīdijaną^[1]

(older sense) to make beloved, take care of
to make pretty, beautiful

Inflection

Conjugation of *frīdijaną (weak class 1)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*frīdijō	*frīdijaų	—	*frīdijai	?
2nd singular	*frīdīsi	*frīdijais	*frīdī	*frīdijasai	*frīdijaisau
3rd singular	*frīdīþi	*frīdijai	*frīdijaþau	*frīdijaþai	*frīdijaiþau
1st dual	*frīdijōs	*frīdijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*frīdijaþiz	*frīdijaiþiz	*frīdijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*frīdijamaz	*frīdijaim	—	*frīdijanþai	*frīdijainþau
2nd plural	*frīdīþ	*frīdijaiþ	*frīdīþ	*frīdijanþai	*frīdijainþau
3rd plural	*frīdijanþi	*frīdijain	*frīdijanþau	*frīdijanþai	*frīdijainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*frīdidǭ	*frīdidēdį̄
2nd singular	*frīdidēz	*frīdidēdīz
3rd singular	*frīdidē	*frīdidēdī
1st dual	*frīdidēdū	*frīdidēdīw
2nd dual	*frīdidēdudiz	*frīdidēdīdiz
1st plural	*frīdidēdum	*frīdidēdīm
2nd plural	*frīdidēdud	*frīdidēdīd
3rd plural	*frīdidēdun	*frīdidēdīn

	present	past
participles	*frīdijandz	*frīdidaz

Derived terms

*frīdīniz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *frīdijan
- Old High German: frīten
Old Norse: fríða
- Icelandic: fríða
- Norwegian Nynorsk: freda
- Norwegian Bokmål: frede
Gothic: 𐍆𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (freidjan)

References

^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*frīđjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 115

[1] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*frīđjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 115

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