Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fraberaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *fra- (“off, away (from), completely”) +‎ *beraną (“to bear, carry”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˌɸrɑ.ˈbe.rɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*fraberaną

to hold back or keep away (from); restrain or refrain (oneself) from
to bear throughout; endure

Inflection

Conjugation of *fraberaną (strong class 4)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*fraberō	*fraberaų	—	*fraberai	?
2nd singular	*frabirizi	*fraberaiz	*fraber	*fraberazai	*fraberaizau
3rd singular	*frabiridi	*fraberai	*fraberadau	*fraberadai	*fraberaidau
1st dual	*fraberōz	*fraberaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*fraberadiz	*fraberaidiz	*fraberadiz	—	—
1st plural	*fraberamaz	*fraberaim	—	*fraberandai	*fraberaindau
2nd plural	*frabirid	*fraberaid	*frabirid	*fraberandai	*fraberaindau
3rd plural	*fraberandi	*fraberain	*fraberandau	*fraberandai	*fraberaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*frabar	*frabērį̄
2nd singular	*frabart	*frabērīz
3rd singular	*frabar	*frabērī
1st dual	*frabērū	*frabērīw
2nd dual	*frabērudiz	*frabērīdiz
1st plural	*frabērum	*frabērīm
2nd plural	*frabērud	*frabērīd
3rd plural	*frabērun	*frabērīn

	present	past
participles	*fraberandz	*fraburanaz

Derived terms

*fraburþiz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *fraberan
- Old English: forberan
  - Middle English: forberen
    - English: forbear
    - Scots: forbere, forbeir
- Old Frisian: forbera
  - ⇒ Old Frisian: forbernisse
- Old Saxon: *farberan
  - ⇒ Middle Low German: vorbörnisse, vörbȫrnisse
- Old Dutch: *farberan
  - ⇒ Middle Dutch: verboornisse, verbeurnisse
- Old High German: *farberan, *firberan, ferberan
  - Middle High German: verbërn
    - Cimbrian: vorbèeran
Gothic: 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽 (frabairan)